A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业 A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式 A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务 A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游 Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部 Accreditation services审定工作 Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价 Air France法国航空公司 Air taxi出租飞机服务 All and sundry全部,所有的人 All walks of life各阶层 All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游 An accelerator concept加速器原则 An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出 Annual receipts年收入 Arts and craft工艺美术
As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言 ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟 August Bank Holiday八月银行假日 August bodies权威机构 Back office system后台办公系统 Baggage checks行李票
Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡 Balance of payments收支平衡
Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作 Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务 Bermuda百慕大群岛 Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司 Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业 Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商
Business traveler商务旅游者
cable cars缆车 Capital investment资本投资 Car hire小汽车出租
Carry capacity运载能力 Charter aircraft包机 Charter flights包机航班 Chief engineer总工程师
Come into service开始投入使用 Commissions佣金 Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司
Computer graphic package计算机图形包 Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业
Contracting countries签约国 Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店 Cottage industries家庭手工业 Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Computer reservations system计算机预系统 Cruise ships巡游船CTC ) Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问 Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游 Customized services按要求提供的服务项目 Dealers in dreams销售梦幻 Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方 Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述 Ecosysytems生态系统 Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭 （空巢效应） En route在途中 End objective最终目标 Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力 Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去 Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新 Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体 Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机 Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气 Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游 Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组 Extras各种额外费用
Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司 Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续
Games room游艺室 Gard currency硬通货 Gard-wired硬接线 Generating areas旅游产生地
Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值
High-spend visitors高消费游客 Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游 Hotel chains饭店联号 Impulse purchasing 冲动购买 In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉 In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式 Inbound tourism入境旅游 Income multiplie收入乘数 Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游 Indulge in尽情享受 Industry code of conduct行业行为规范 In-flight magazines机上杂志 In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机 Instant culture文化快餐 Insurance coverage保险范围 Internal tourism境内旅游 International tourism国际旅游 Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用 Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段 Invisible receipt无形收入 Invisibles无形商品 Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游 Jet airliner喷气式飞机 Jurisdictions管辖区 Kurtaxe 疗养税
Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业 Lay analyst非专业分析 Leisure time余暇
Lesser developed countries较不发达国家 Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率 Local color地方色彩 Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途 Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游 Make a profit 获得利润 Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出
Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验 Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革 Market segmentation市场细分 Marketing tool市场营销工具 Mass tourism大众旅游 Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路 More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客 National income国民收入 National tourism国家级旅游 Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区 Need deficiencies需求不足 Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入 Non-commodity currency非商品货币 Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构
OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟
On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则 Outbound tourism出境旅游 Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游 Paid holiday带薪假日 Pay a premium交学费
Peripheral environment周边环境 Pleasure craft游乐船 Police registration出境证明 Potential travelers潜在的旅游者 Preferential policies优惠政策 Price inelastic无价格弹性 Profit-making corporation盈利公司 Publicity material 宣传品 Purchasing agent采购员 Purchasing power购买力 pylons架线塔 Quick access to information信息途径快捷
Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物 Rates of inflation通货膨胀 Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车 Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明
Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力 Repeat business回头客带来的生意 Retail agencies 零售旅行社 Return on sales销售回报 Round trip往返旅行 Round-the-world trip环球旅行 Sales/distribution outlets销售网点 Sand dunes沙丘 Scale economies规模经济 Scheduled liner定期客轮 Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务 Scope economies范围经济
Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化 Ski pistes滑雪道 skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求 source of revenue收入来源 specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商 specialized tourism专项旅游 stand-by fares候补票价 subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率 Sunbathing日光浴
tailor-made services特别服务项目 target markets目标方面 target sales目标销售额 tax receipts税收收入 terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑 tertiary industry第三产业 the “Grand Tour”大旅游 the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配 the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡 the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体 the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统 the done thing 合乎俗礼的事 the drawing power吸引力 the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场 the ecological balance生态平衡 the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆 the Far East远东 the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入 the idea of prepotency优先原理
The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会
the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织 the jargon of marketing营销学的术语 the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期 the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场 the midscale market中级市场 the mode of travel旅行方式
The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查 the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系
the support services辅助服务 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展 The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心 TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值
to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游 to have family reunions举家团聚 to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游 tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价 tour brochure旅游宣传册 tourism boom旅游业的繁荣 Tourist interests旅游者权益 Tourist operators旅游经营商 Transit travelers过境旅游者 Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游 Travel principals旅游经营商 Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商 Trunk route airlines干线航空公司 Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册 Unit costs单位成本 United Nations General Assembly联合国大会 VAT)Value added tax增值税 Vertical integration垂直合并 Visual pollution视觉污染 Wind erosion风蚀 Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传 Word of mouth 口碑 World cultural heritage世界文化遗产 Low countries低地国家
vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断 the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会 air carriers航空公司 waybills运货单 accreditation services审定工作 ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入 non-residential travel 非居住地旅游 natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展 Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间 Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点 Invisible products 无形产品 Cultural heritage 文化遗产 Package tour 包价旅游 Landscape poetry 山水诗 Maritime commerce 海上贸易 Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合 Foreign exchange income 外汇收入 Nation of tourists 旅游容源国 Temper one's wills 磨炼意志 Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅 Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑 A carefree journey 逍遥游 Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养 To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹 A land of protocol 礼仪之邦 Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上 Eye contact 眼神交流 Psychological qualities 心里素质 Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生 The Marble Archway 牌坊 Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月 Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰 The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿 The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿 Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺 The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑 The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林
Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界 To do service 做礼拜 The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说 Book of Changes 易经 Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人 The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术 The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫 The Temple of Town God 城隍庙 Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加 Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁 Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居 The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫 Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦 Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基 Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地 The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局 Stone animals and human statues 石像生 The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿 Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林 Come back to nature 回归自然 View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼 The zigzag bridge 曲桥 View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园 Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联 Water-side pavilions 水榭 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树
Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源 Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡 Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头 Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋
Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁 Vegetarian \"chicken \" 素鸡 Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥 Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术 Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润 Hand-stitching work 挑花 An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画 Glazing techniques 上釉技术
Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址 Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶 Veined porcelain 纹片瓷 The double-sided embroidery 双面绣 Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕 The Autumnal Equinox 秋分 Height Ascending Festival 登高节 Nature walks in spring 踏青 Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛 Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节 Grain in ear 芒种 Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮 Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷 Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊 Intercultural communication 跨文化交际 Interaction function 交互功能 Verbal greetings 言语问候 Intonation patterns 语调模式 High context culture 高文化语境 Language barriers 语言障碍 Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素 Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调 Culture shock 文化休克 Behavior patterns 行为方式 Look somebody in the eye 正视 M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观
Eye movement 眼部动作 Touching behavior 触摸行为 Culture acquisition 文化习得 To kill time 消磨时间 Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为 sit cross -legged翘二郎腿 To save face 顾全面子 Space orientation 空间取向 Rule of protocol 礼仪规范 Exchange pleasantries 寒暄 Ethnic heritage 民族传统 Put a burden on 增加负担 A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表 Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌 Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒 Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现 The extended family 大家庭
Lesson 1 What is tourism?
1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providing
tourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community
2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions that
have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.
3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to
understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)
1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying
in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.
2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)
a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidents
b)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country
3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism
market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)
5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the
resident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)
5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)
1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50
miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.
2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresident
travelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business travelers.Commuters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.
3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or
more,taken by residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.
4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence,
for a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.
5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary
stay by people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；
Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园
vital to对...至关重要 the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆 make a profit获得利润 tax receipts税收收入 the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入 the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构 ...arriving at a consensus达到统一 round trip往返旅行
narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义 come up with a meaningful definition that will
Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism
1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not
exclusively for education and pleasure.
2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a
Russian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.
2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）
1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:
a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday could
be altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale
economies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,
culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.
3.New tourism（新旅游）
1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristics of the new tourism is flexibility---flexible
consumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:
a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive with mass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economies
alone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scale economies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints and
travel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,
more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more
be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义
The League of Nations联合国
WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织
OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游
Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游
National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行 Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游
China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会
Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations
1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:
1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入
It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入
It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入
It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.
2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:
1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:
1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局
‘green’
f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key part
of the holiday experience.
3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:
a)New consumersb)New technologies
c)New production practicesd)New management techniques
e)Changes in the industry’s frame conditions
Notes:
Harks back to可追溯到，开始于 Low Countries低地国家 package tours包价旅游 Was equated with相等 purchasing power购买力 coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日 mass tourism大众旅游 charter flights包机航班
Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 diagonal integration斜向联合
Market segmentation市场细分 airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断 takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务 dominant paradigm主要形式 geared to适应More green更有环保意识 scale economics规模经济 scope economics范围经济
Tailor-made services特别服务项目 at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港 holds for适用于Take hold抓住 spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝
Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家
Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游
Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力
Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海
Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来
Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目
Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 Far East 远东
Lesson 4 Defining the Person1.International travel
1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次
提出的建议）
The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：
The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and
Tourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：
It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert
Statistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：
They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款
的定义）：
International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:
International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.
2.Domestic travel
Notes:
Access to能进入，能适用 tourist operators旅游经营商 police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续 air carriers航空公司 baggage checks行李票
Accreditation services审定工作 contracting countries签约国 in accordance with根据Apply to适用于 be of use有用的 eligible for合格，够资格 concentrate on集中于Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司
PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会
USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局
ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票
Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率
International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模
Police registration 出境证明as排名 second to仅次于 engaged in从事于
Lesson 5 Determining Factors of Tourism
1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）
1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/
increased leisure time/ improved transport
2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）
1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises, flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activity
b)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxiety
c)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:
Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入 resultant promotion职位的提升 indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期 the mode of travel旅行方式 dealers in dreams销售梦幻
WTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：
They urge national tourism organization to:
a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.
c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.
d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(or
not involving overnight stays).
Notes:
Evolved out of从...演变而来 en route在途中 transit travelers过境旅游者
Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组 in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起 be identical to与...相同 impose on利用
IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场
The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留
International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者
In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者
Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游
Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行Cultural tourist 文化旅行者
Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs
1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic and
unusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel
1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit
2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involve up to thirty nights in a hotel.
3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated business activity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:
in that在...方面 the jargon of marketing营销学术语 be dictated by取决于 on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务 cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游 be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游 in character with与...本质上一致 balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部 rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物 local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的 travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游 the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事 be addicted to沉溺于 price inelastic无价格弹性
appropriate for/to相称的 be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Support services 辅助服务Cultural visit 文化旅游
Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游
Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供
All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游
Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施 need deficiencies需求不足 opt for选择
end objective最终目标 lay out设计（城市、花园等） hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任 in light of看作 the idea of prepotency优先原理 be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受
Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计
Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日Railway excursion 火车短程旅行
Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式 Tourist routs 旅行线路Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假
Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具
Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿
Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents
1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:
a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retail
business
b)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will therefore
display less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company
3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase of travel.4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but also depending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.
2.Travel agency skills and competencies
1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:
a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilities world-wide
b)Making reservations for all travel requirements
c)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuing travel tickets and vouchers
f)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaining accurate files on reservations
h)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochures
i)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:
a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write tickets
d)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with the products available
e)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systems
Notes:
Travel principals旅游经营商 travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商） retail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点 vie with与...竞争 air fares航空票价
Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定 source of revenue收入来源Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖 target sales目标销售额 return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到 car hire小汽车出租 word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传 the local share of the market当场市场份额
Potential travelers潜在的旅游者 in the event of如果 basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价
Suffice to say that只要说..就够了 back office and front office后台和前台 hard wired硬接线
Capital investment资本投资 come to terms with接受 to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合 stands in the way of阻挡 take on带上 dispose of处理 set up成立Tour wholesaler 旅游批发商Tour operator 旅游经营商Travel principals 旅游经营商Travel retailer旅游零售商Retail agencies 零售旅行社Sales outlets 销售网点
British Airways 英国航空公司Air fares 航空票价Source of revenue 收入来源Brand loyalty 对某一待定品牌的忠诚，信赖Return on sales 销售回报
ATOL: Air Travel Organizers’ License 航空旅行组织者许可证
Car hire 小汽车出租（轿车出租）Word of mouth 口碑Word of mouth recommendation a口头宣传The local share of the market 当地市场份额Potential travelers 潜在的旅游者Multi-stopover independent tours 旅游中多次停留的散客旅游
A full range of services全方位服务All-round agent 全方位服务的代理商CRS：computer reservations system 计算机预设系统
CITS：China International Travel Service 中国国际旅行社Basic point-to-point air fares 两地间基本航空运价Hard-wired 硬接线Capital investment 资本投资
Spread costs 分散资本Business travel agent 专门经办商务旅行的代理商
Traveler’s cheque 旅行支票
Travel insurance 旅游保险Travel product 旅游产品Foreign exchange 外币兑换Procure visas 办理签证
Front office client relations 前台的顾客关系Management systems 管理系统Back office systems 后台的办公系统10-Day Excursions 十日游Lesson 8 The Tour Brochure(旅游宣传册)
1.The important role of the brochure(重要角色):It is a vital marketing tool, being the main influence on the
customer’s decision to buy.
2.package tour brochure（包价旅游手册）：It can be described as falling to three categories---shell
folders/ umbrella brochures/ regular tour brochures.
3.Information required in the brochure（手册里的内容）
a)The name of the firm responsible for the inclusive tour
b)The means of transport used, including, in the case of air transports, the name of the carrier(s), type and
class of aircraft used and whether scheduled or charter aircraft are operatedc)Full details of destinations, itinerary and times of traveld)The duration of each tour(number of days/nights’ stay)
e)Full description of the location and type of accommodation provided, including any mealsf)Whether services of a representative are available abroad
g)A clear indication of the price for each tour, with any extras charged clearly shown on the same pageh)Exact details of special arrangements
i)Full conditions of booking, including details of cancellation conditionsj)Details of any optional or compulsory insurance coverage
k)Details of documentation required for travel to the destinations featured, and any heslth hazards or
inoculations recommended
4.Ways of reducing wastage（减少浪费的方法）:By establishing standards against which to monitor the
performance of travel agents.Notes:
Tour brochure旅游宣传册 marketing tool市场营销工具 design studio设计室
Lesson 9 Air Passenger Transport 1. [M] Advantages of traveling by air
2. [M] Aircraft significant in the development of the airline industry 3. [U] Factors in the development of mass travel by air 4. [M] Airline services and different airlines 5. [U] Te marketing of air services Jet airliner 喷气式客机
Carrying capacity 运载能力（运输能力）In-flight magazines 机上杂志Advance purchase excursion ticket 预付款游览机票
Stand-by fare 候补票价‘Frequent flyer’ programme飞行常客奖励计划Load factor （飞机）载客率Unit costs 单位成本
Scheduled services 定期客运服务Nonscheduled or charter services 不定期客运或包机服务Air taxi services 出租飞机服务Air France 法国航空公司
American Airlines 美国航空公司The United Airlines 联合航空公司
SAS：Scandinavian Airlines System 斯堪的纳维亚航空公司Trunk route airline 干线航空公司Feeder airline 支线航空公司Commuter airline 地方短距离运输航空公司EC：European Community 欧洲共同体Executive aircraft 公务飞机Caravan routes 商队旅行路线The Continent 欧洲大陆
Air transport 航空运输Noise pollution 噪音污染Relocation 重新安置Lesson 10 Transportation Mode Selection Decisions
1. [U] Factors that influence a person’s choice of transportation modes 2. [U] Travel by train, water, automobile and bus/motor coach
3. [M] Amtrak, two main roles of water transport today and two key roles of the coach Ground service 地面服务
Terminal facilities and locations 终点站的设施和位置
Profit-making corporation 盈利公司Orient Express 东方快车
Ocean liner 远洋定期客轮Transatlantic scheduled liner 横渡大西洋的定期客轮
publicity material宣传品 intangible product无形产品 advertising agency广告公司
computer graphic packages计算机图形包 in-house computer内部计算机 lay out设计fall into分为，陷入（某状态） tailor-made预先安排的 tour basing fares包价旅游票价
run to多达 long-haul and short-haul长途和短途 house name公司名称 games room游艺室insurance coverage保险范围 running off印出 invest in投资于 cut down削减 distribution to分发 put on增加 associate with与...联系在一起Marketing tool 市场营销工具
In-house computer 公司内部使用的计算机Publicity material 宣传品
Independent inclusive tour 个体包价旅游
ITX：Inclusive Tour Excursion 游览包价旅游
Specialist operators 专营某种旅游(项目)的经营商Air holidays 飞机旅行The purpose the brochure serves 宣传册的服务宗旨
Printing parlance 印刷术语Shell folders 图文并茂的折叠式手册
Umbrella brochures 联合宣传手册Regular tour brochures 定期旅游手册Regular package holiday 定期包价旅游
Cruise line 游船公司Recreation vehicles 娱乐行宿两用车
Empty nesters 没有孩子拖累的家庭Transportation mode 交通方式Resort hotel 度假旅馆Car rental 汽车租赁Seaside resort 海滨度假地Destination resort 目的地度假Ferry serve 轮渡业务
Lesson 11 A Brief History of Hospitality
1. [M] Turning point in the history of hospitality 2. [U] English/ European inns and American inns 3. [U] Early hotels in the United States
4. [M] City Hotel, Tremont House and Ellsworth Statler 5. [U] The Growth of hotel chains. 6. [M] Holiday Inn
7. [M] Names of hotel chains
Commercial hotel 商业饭店Commercial traveler 旅行商人Near East近东Hotel chain 饭店联号
Resort hotel 度假饭店Convention hotel 会议饭店
Convention industry会议旅游业Hilton Hotel希尔顿饭店公司
Hilton international 希尔顿国际饭店公司Holiday Inn 假日旅馆公司
Hyatt international 凯悦国际饭店公司Regent international 丽晶国际饭店公司Travel industry 旅馆业(旅游业)Resort industry 度假旅游业City hotel 市区饭店Franchising 特许经营法Franchise 特许经营权Sheraton 喜来登饭店公司
Lesson 12 Hotel Structure and Staff 1. [U] General manager
2. [U] Hotel staff and the organizational chart 3. [M] Major departments and their heads
4. [U] The important roles played by the six primary departments Managing director 总经理Organizational chart 组织结构图Executive housekeeper 客房部主管Resident manager 驻店经理Food and beverage manager 餐饮部经理Chief engineer 总工程师Director of sales 销售部总监Personnel director 人事部主任
Controller or chief accountant 总会计师Front-office manager 前厅部经理Purchasing agent 采购员Rooms department 客房部
Food and beverage department餐饮部Engineering department 工程部Sales department 销售部Personnel department 人事部Accounting department 财务部
Repeat business 回头客带来的生意Department head 部门主管Coffee shop 咖啡馆Banquet room 宴会厅Lesson 13 The Economic Effects of Tourism 1. [M] The way tourism creates income 2. [M] The way tourism creates jobs 3. [U] Multipliers
4. [U] The steps to maximize the tourist receipts 5. [U] Conditions for drawing investment Balance of payment 收支平衡
Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业
A buoyant level of tourism 蓬勃发展的旅游业VAT：value added tax 增值税Kurtaxe 疗养税Departure tax 离境税National income 国民收入
TIM：Tourism Income Multiplier 旅游收入增值A leakage 流失资金Generating areas 旅游产生地Invisible 无形商品
Invisible receipt 无形收入Invisible payment 无形支出
Tourism account 旅游账目The Queen’s Sliver Jubilee 女王银婚周年A net deficit 净逆差Subsidized exchange rates 特别补贴兑换率An accelerator concept 加速器原则
Lesson 14 The Sociocultural Effects of Tourism
1. [U] Significance of tourism
2. [U] The Sociocultural impacts of tourism
H.M’s Customs 英王陛下的关税收入
The world’s culture heritage 世界文化遗产
Morris dancing 莫利斯舞Arts and crafts 工艺美术
Cottage industries 家庭手工业United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会Deep-seated tradition根深蒂固的传统Instant culture 文化快餐
The Changing of the Guard 英国皇室卫队的换岗仪式Cultural exchange 文化交流Historical sites 历史遗迹International tourist year 国际旅游年
Job opportunity 就业机会Cultural landscape文化风景Cultural heritage 文化遗产Host country 旅游接待国Traditional value 传统价值观
Tourist trap 旅游陷阱Cultural resources 文化资源Technological changes技术改革Religious understanding 宗教理解Sporting activities 体育活动Airport art 航空纪念品Lesson 15 The Environmental Effects of Tourism
1. [M] Sustainable development of tourism and its meaning 2. [U] The environmental effects of tourism
3. [U] Measures for the protection of tourist attractions from the impact of mass tourism 4. [U] The future of tourism
Exhaust fumes 废气Norfolk Broads诺福克郡的宽阔水面
Pleasure craft 游乐船Skyscraper hotel syndrome 摩天宾馆综合症Visual pollution 视觉污染Graffiti pollution 涂写污染
Physical capacity 物理承载力Psychological capacity心理承载力August Bank Holiday 八月银行假日Ecological balance 生态平衡
Acropolis in Athens 希腊雅典的卫城A boom resort 兴旺发展的旅游胜地Tourism boom旅游业的繁荣
High-spend visitor 高消费游客Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机联网Impulse purchasing 冲动购买Nation landscape 国家风景资源
Takeaway food外卖食品Rare plants珍稀植物Tourist attraction观光名胜An area of scenic beauty 风景胜地Physical environment自然环境
Water reaction 水上娱乐活动Day tripper 一日游客Collect souvenir 收集纪念品National park 国家公园Self-catering 自供伙食的
Lesson 16 An Assessment of China’s Tourism Resources 1. [M] The role of resources in China’s tourism development 2. [M] Natural and human tourism resources in China
3. [U] Recent developments in China’s Tourism Resources 4. [U] Problems in China’s tourism resource development Tourist Resources
Terra cotta warriors horses兵马俑Six Great Ancient Capital 六大古都Social heritage 社会传统Ethnic diversity 民族多样性Ethnic minority groups 少数民族Culinary arts 烹饪艺术The State Council 国务院Preferential policies 优惠政策
Natural preserves 自然保护区Multiethnic culture 多民族文化
Tourism and Vacation 旅游度假区Short-term sightseers短期观光者
Negative impact 负面作用Blind construction 盲目建设Human landscape 人造景观
Lesson 17 Domestic Tourism in China: Policies and Development
1. [M] Domestic tourism and its relation with the development of the economy 2. [U] Domestic tourism development in China 3. [U] Economic and socio-cultural impacts
4. [U] Domestic tourism development measures
5. [U]The future of China’s domestic and its development strategies
International tourism sector 国际旅游服务部门Make end meet使收支相抵（量入为出）Hard currency 硬通货The International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
GNP：gross national product国民生产总值The structure of consumer spending消费结构All-inclusive package tours 价格全包旅游Non-commodity currency 通货膨胀率The luxury market 豪华市场The mid-scale market 中级市场
The budge market 廉价市场Industry code of conduct 行业行为规范
The supply and demand equilibrium 供求平衡关系Long-haul domestic travel 国内长期旅游Non-commodity currency非商品货币Business travel activities 商务旅行活动Living standard 生活水平Development cycle 发展周期
Peal River Delta 珠江三角洲Handicraft-sand tourist souvenirs 手工艺品及旅游纪念品
Lesson 18 China’s Tourism: Opportunities, Challenges and Strategies 1. [M] Opportunities for further tourism development in China 2. [U] Challenges that China’s tourist industry faces 3. [U] Appropriate government strategies and policies
Densely crowded cities人口稠密的城市Specialized tourism 专项旅游Tertiary industry 第三产业ASEAN countries 东南亚国家联盟Market-oriented reforms以市场为导向的改革
GATT：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定Quick access to information 信息途径快捷Peripheral environment 周边环境
Management know-how 管理方面的实际技巧，经验Cross-border travel 横穿边境的旅行
CTC：certified travel counselor持有证书的旅游顾问
1. International tourism is the largest export earner and an important factor in the balance of payments of many countries.
1. 国际旅游是世界上最大的出口创汇行业，是许多国家实现收支平衡的一个重要因素。
2. With its headquarters in Madrid, Spain, WTO is an inter-governmental body entrusted by the United Nations towards the promotion and development of tourism.
2．世界旅游组织的总部设在西班牙的马德里。它是附属于联合国、旨在促进和发展旅游业的政府间组织。3. The specialized travel press should provide accurate and reliable information to the consumers of tourism services.
3．旅游新闻应向游客提供准确可靠的旅游服务信息。
4. Natural environment must be protected with a view to achieving sound, continuous and sustainable economic growth.
4．为了保证经济的良性、持续发展，必须保护自然环境。
5. It is the largest and most magnificent group of palaces existing in China and a treasure house of various relics.
5. 它是中国最大、最完整的宫殿群，是中国文化遗产宝库。
6. The Purple Forbidden City was inaccessible to the common people. Even the highest civil and military officers could not enter it without good reason.
6. 过去的紫禁城，普通百姓是不能进入的，即使是朝中高官也不得无故入内。
7. Some expectations cannot be fulfilled even at a very high price which can be offered. 7. 有些要求出高价也是无法满足的。
8. The “result” can be measured by consumer satisfaction as well as by social, environmental and economic effects of the tourism activity concerned.
8. “结果”可由相关的社会、环境、经济效益以及顾客的满意度共同来评判。
9. Chinese cooking has a long history and is famous all over the world for its rich flavor and delightful colorings.
9. 中国餐饮历史悠久，以其味香色美闻名中外。
10. It was the Chinese who invented the technique of making and using soy sauce, vinegar, wine, jams and
Target markets 目标市场
Non-profit overseas offices 非赢利性海外机构Pay a premium 交学费The drawing power 吸引力Annual receipts 年收入
A strategic industry 一项战略产业
Pacific Asia Travel Association 亚太旅游联合会
Nature-and culture-based ecotourism自然及文化型生态旅游Diversity of landscapes 自然风光的多样性GDP：gross domestic product 国内生产总值Nature landscape 自然风光History and antiquity 历史文物Folk cultures 民族文化Leisure travel 休闲旅游
Destination economy 目的地经济
20. Tourism is the world’s largest industry with no signs of slowing down in the 21st century.
20. 旅游业是当今世界规模最大、持续增长的产业。没有任何征兆显示旅游业会在21世纪发展缓慢。
spices some 3000 years ago.
10. 中国早在约三千年前的殷周时代就发明了制做与使用酱油、醋、酒、酱和香料的工艺。
11.Those hotels that have facilities and services for handicapped persons are designated by internationally
recognized handicapped symbol.
11. 设有残疾人设施和服务的酒店，所设计的残疾标志是国际公认的。
12. All hotels offer the highest standards of personal services. Should you require any special services, they should be requested at the time the reservation is placed.
12. 所有的酒店都提供最好的个人服务。如果客人有特别服务要求，应该在预订房间时提出。
13. The Qingming Festival is a time to remember the dead, when people traditionally go to visit the tombs of their ancestors.
13.清明节这一天，人们绚怀死者，按传统风俗，人们去祭扫他们祖先的坟墓。
14. Celebrations usually take the form of parties in amusement parks in the daytime and fireworks and grand TV ensembles during the evening.
14．庆祝活动通常是：白天在公园、游乐场集体联欢，晚上放烟花鞭炮，举行大型电视演出节目。
15. Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month, when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, cut their hair and buy new clothes.
15．新年的庆祝活动，自腊月底（农历年底）开始。每当春节之际，人们都忙于扫尘、还债、理发、置 新衣。
16. All hotels offer the highest standards of personal services. Should you require any special services, they should be requested at the time the reservation is placed.
16．所有的酒店都提供最好的个人服务。如果客人有特别服务要求，应该在预订房间时提出。
17. The analysis of each term used in this definition suggests concrete actions which can be evaluated from the perspective of quality criteria.
17. 分析这一定义中的每一项都含有质量标准所规定的具体行为。
18. The hill in Jingshan Park opposite North Gateway offers a panoramic view of the Forbidden City. 18．在北门对面景山公园的山上可看到故宫全景。
19. Financial resources derived from visits to cultural sites, and monuments should, at least in part, are used for the upkeep, safeguard and development of this heritage.
19．来自于文化遗迹的旅游收入至少一部分应该用于对该遗迹的维护和开发。
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