主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many people speak English.（谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。） 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 公式为： be（有时态的变化）+动词的过去分词
1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.（every day, usually, often …）
2. 一般过去时： was (were) done (yesterday, last night/week/month/year,in1885…) 3. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done ( next week/month/year, in the future…) 4. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done ( now, these days, Look! Listen! …)
5. 现在完成时： have (has) been done （since+clause/ the past time, for + some time , so far, these days…） 6. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 7 不定式的被动结构 to+ be+动词的过去分词 三、被动语态的用法
1 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. This car is made in America. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. eg. English is spoken in many countries . 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法巧记为： (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 例如All the people laughed at him.---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，（情态动词）原来带to要保留。
例如：
1 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
2 You ought to take it away. →It ought to be taken away. 3 They should do it at once.→It should be done at once. 六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。 1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P) 此结构不可用被动语态。 (正) The flowers smell sweet. (误) The flowers are smelt sweet. 2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V) 此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night. (误) An accident was happened last night. 3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O) （1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.
（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。 We should listen to the teachers carefully. The teachers should be listened to carefully.
4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO) （1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。 He showed us a picture . We were shown a picture.
（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. 常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等 常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us.
A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.
5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)
如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。 I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.
6. \"be + 过去分词\" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。
7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。 The women's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。 This book sells best.这本书很畅销. 8.不用被动语态的动词：
1). 不及物动词（vi.) 如: happen, take place, appear, disappear … A traffic accident ________ (happen) just now.
2). 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful 3). 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候: The pen _________ (write) very fast. This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well.
注意：happen/take place/break out(爆发)/break down（出故障）/come out/ come true/belong to/run out of/run out
9. need/want/require + doing = need/want/require + to be done 10. It is said that… 据说 It is reported that …据报道 It is thought that …大家认为 It is believed that…有人相信 11. 复合句变被动，主从句都要变
If a computer is bought for me , the work will be finished more quickly 巩固练习题：
一、把下列句子改为被动语态 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.
3.I found the ticket on the floor.______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She ______ _______ to return the book in time. 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. 7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?
8.Must we finish our work today?_______ our work______ _______ today? 9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work.
Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory.
12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day.
This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. 14.The students study German in this school.
German _______ ________ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question?
______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The baby _______ （make）___________ (cry) by his sister. 2. Jim _________often______ (hear) _________ (sing) in the room. 3. Jack _________(ask) ____________(answer) the question in French. 4. The Browns ___________(see) ____________(leave) the hotel already. 5.Teenagers should _____________ (allow) to go out at night. 6.The telephone __________________ (invent) by Bell. 7. English _____________ (speak) in China. 8.The car _____________(make) in China.
9.The room must ________________(clean) every day.
10. This kind of bike ______(sell) in the New Century Supermarket. It _______(sell) well. 11. I will go to the party if I ___________(invite). 12. It __________(say) that he is a government officer. 13. The flowers need ___________(water) every day.. 14. He is often noticed____________(sit) at the table alone. 15. An accident ___________(happen) here last week.
16. So far, many man-made satellites _______________(send) up into the space. 17. The 30th Olympic Games ____________(hold) in London in 2012. 18. The road _______________(repair) now.
19. The People’s Republic of China _________ (found) on October1, 1949. 20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.
21. By the time he was ten, the boy ________(learn)English and French. 22. How long __________ your uncle ________(be) in the city?
23. ______ you __________(see) the film yet?Yes, I _____________(see) it last week. 24. Uncle Wang _______________(live) here since 1980
25. Listen! Someone _____________(sing).
26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.
27. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 28. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month. 29. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 30. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
31. What _______ a knife ______ (make) of? It _______________(make) of metal and wood. 32. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday. 33. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library? 34. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 35. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime. 36. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already. 37. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan. 38. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.
39. Russian _______ ______(learn)as the second language by some students in China. 40. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling. 41. The cinema ______ _____ (build) in 1985. 42. The bike ___ ____ ____ ___ (must not put) here. 43. A beautiful horse ____ ____ ___ (draw) by John next day. 44. This kind of machine ______ _____(can made) by uncle Wang. 45. Mr. Green ___ ___ (open) two new school so far. 46.Can he ________ (speak) English?
47.What language ________ (speak) in that country? 48.The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday. 49.These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
50.It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light? 51.A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now. 52.________ the book ________ (return). 53.Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
54.The window ________ (not break) by the boy. 55.I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now. 56.English ________ (speak) in many countries.
57.Information in short-term memory ________ (can, not, keep) very long.
58.After that, one of the lights _______ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
59.Just a few years ago, tomatoes _______ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
60.It is said new copies of the book _______ (print) now.
61. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.
62.In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house. 63.Needless to say, the second list of words ___ (can, remember) more easily than the first one. 64.She _______ (send) to another village when I got there.
65.The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam. 三． 单项选择
1 The old man and the children must ____________ in our country.
A take good care B. be taken good care C. take care of D. be taken good care of 2 Look! A big modern building ________ in our city. A is built B. was being built C. is being built D. has built 3 Many more houses ______ for teachers since last year. A are building B. built C. have built D. have been built 4 A man ________ cry for help last night.
A was heard to B. hear to C. was heard D heard to 5 I think computer ________ in everyday life before long. A will be B. will be used C. is used D. was used 6 Old people must be looked after and ________ politely. A speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to 7 The flowers _________ often.
A must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water 8 This kind of shoes ________ well last year. A. didn’t sell B. sell C. aren’t sell D. wasn’t sell 9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.
A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws 10.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn 11.The doctor _____ for yet.
A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent 12.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used 13.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known 14.I ____ in summer.
A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born 15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent 16.Who _____ this book _____?
A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written 17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to 18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us 19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 20.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put 21.Older people ____ well.
A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after 22.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened 23.The flowers ____ every day,or they’ll die.
A must water B can be wateredC should water D must be watered 24. Many computers will ___ to our school. A be bring B be brought C bring D.be bring 25._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Did; build 26.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened 27.Cotton （棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow 28.So far,the moon ____ by man already.
A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited 29.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives 30.How many trees ____ this year?
A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted 31.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done 32.Neither of them ______ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made 34.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 35.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
36.Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 37.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent 38.The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 39.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place 40.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 41.The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 42.________ his work ________ yet?
A. Have…been finished B. Has …been finishedC. Has …finished D. Have…finished 43.The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned 44.This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
45. — Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.— Sorry. The book you ask for______ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 46. Han Han’s books are popular. They _______ by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 47. — At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. — More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 48. Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right? — Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here.
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed C. won't allow D. doesn't allow 49.The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
50. — Have you finished your project? — Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given 51.This pair of shoes _______ hand, and it ______ very comfortable. A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is feltC. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels 52.Do you know paper____________wood?Yes,and books_______________paper. A.is made of/are made from B.is made from/are made of C.is made from/are made from D.is made of/are made of
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