一、八年级英语下册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）
1．根据短文内容或所给提示，写出空白处单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
I am ________ （计划）to travel from London to Amsterdam. There are four ways to travel. A ________ （旅程） by train is more relaxing ________ by coach, but a lot more expensive. You can go by car and by ship across the North Sea. This is the ________comfortable way to travel. ________（停车） in Amsterdam is very expensive, so stay outside the city centre and travel in by bus or by train.
The________（three） choice is by coach. This is usually the ________（cheap）, but in summer the coaches sometimes get ________（拥挤的）! And it ________（花费）you about twelve hours to get there.
Finally, you can fly. It is the fastest, but you may have to wait for ________（小时 ）at the airport because of bad weather.
2．词汇运用,根据所给的汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每个空格限填一词。 Mozart was a ________ （作曲家）. He wrote classical music and operas. ________（他的） music is difficult to play and sing. Musicians and singers ________（训练） for a long time before they can play and sing Mozart's music, ________（但是） pop and rock musicians don't train much. Their most popular instrument is the guitar. In America, black musicians often sing ________（悲伤的） songs. They call this music the blues. Another ________（种类） of modern music ________（来自） America is jazz. This music often ________（使用） trumpets and other loud instruments. We use________（钢琴）and violin to play ________（所有的） types of music.
3．语法填空
\"Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need ________ （dream）,\" some scientists say. Dream take up about one quarter of our ________ （sleep）time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short movies. They are usually ________ colour. Some dreams arc like old movies. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is ________ （worry）about something. Dreaming may try to find ________ answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may think ________ their work all day. These ideas can carry over into dreams.
Sometimes we wake up with a good ________ （feel）from a dream. But often we can't ________ （remember）the dream. The dreams can go away ________ （quick）from memory. Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep, the ________ （long）we dream. The mind is hard at working when we dream. That's why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
4．语法填空
Mrs Peters works in a bank. She has two________（child）-Sammy and Annic. Sammy is ________ boy.
He is seven years old. His sister Annic is four. Sammy goes to the school near his home and studies ________（hard）. When Sammy stays at home, he often plays games with Annie while Mrs Peters is busy doing housework. Sammy loves his sister very much and he is usually nice to her. ________sometimes something unhappy may happen.
One Saturday morning, Sammy and Annie were playing in the garden. Their mother was cooking. Suddenly Annie________（begin） to cry and ran to her mother in the kitchen. Mrs Peters asked, \"Why are you crying, Annie?\"
\"Sammy has________（break） my toy horse,\" Annie answered, crying loudly.
\"How did he break it?\" her mother asked. Annie stopped________（cry）, but did not answer for a few seconds. Then she said, \"I hit ________（he）on the head ________it. \"Tearing this, Mrs Peters ________（understand）the whole thing.
5．阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
Mike is ________ 8-year-old Australian boy. He stays in China now, and his parents work in China. He has been in China ________three years.
Mike likes to collect stamps. He ________ （have） a lot of Chinese stamps since he came to China. Mike is learning Chinese now. He studies very hard, but he usually has many mistakes. He tries to spend more time reading Chinese________（story）. He often loses________ （he） in reading. Sometimes, mistakes make him learn much ________（fast）. Now he can write lots of Chinese words ________working hard. He was so lucky________he will have the chance to enter a competition called Chinese Bridge in Hunan.
Mike likes Beijing Roast Duck very much, because it tastes delicious. He wants to learn how________（cook） Roast Duck because his parents also like it. He hopes he can live and study ________ （happy） in China.
6．用所给词的适当形式填空。
Danny is my friend. He ________（live） in a rich family. His parents always________（give）him lots of pocket money. But Danny always ________（try） his best________（save） money. He has some good ways to do it.
Danny enjoys________（read）.He ________ （buy） lots of books since he was young. He tells me he often buys books online, because they're cheaper. And when he has free time, he often goes to bookstores or libraries to do some reading. Last Saturday, he ________（（invite） me to our city library to read.
Danny usually ________（go） to school by bike instead of ________ （take） a bus. Sometimes when it rains or snows, he walks. Danny ________（become） very healthy and saved much money by these two ways.
7．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Birthday is an important day in one's life, especially for children. For 365 days the child waits for that special day because he'll become one year ________（old）. Birthday is also the best time ________（have） a party with your friends and family members. To have ________ different birthday party, you have to prepare lots of ________（thing）. You should get everything ready. You may invite your friends ________（come） to the party because you hope to celebrate the meaningful day with the ones you love. It's best ________（send） some beautiful birthday invitation cards to them. There ________（be） many ways for you to have the invitation cards. You can buy some invitation cards in the shops or choose some e cards on the Internet. ________you have time, you can even make cards by ________（you）. They will show your effort to invite friends. I'm ________（sure） people would be happy to receive those hand-made cards.
8．【答案】 or；thought；others；easier；with；going；suggestions；a；if；real 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲了一个研究发现很难发音的名字可能会影响一个人的未来。你的名字发音越容易，人们会认为你更加值得信赖。
（1）句意：你的英语老师给你的还是你在字典里查到它的？两句是选择关系，构成选择疑问句要用or，或者，故答案为or。
（2）句意：你曾经想过是否你的英文名字会带给你好运还是不幸？have+过去分词构成现在完成时，故答案为thought。
（3）句意：一个研究发现一个别人感觉很难发音的名字会影响一个人的未来。别人：others，在句中做主语，故答案为others。
（4）句意：这个研究表明你的名字发音越容易，人们会认为你越值得信赖。根据句子结构可知是the+比较级，the+比较级结构，故答案为easier。
（5）句意：研究也表明有着更多熟悉的名字的人更可能在社会上持有更高的地位。根据结构可知people后跟介词短语作定语，表示带有要用with，故答案为with。
（6）句意：换句话说，一个古怪的名字可能会组织某个人成为一名领导或者老板。stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，可知from后跟v-ing，故答案为going。
（7）句意：如果你的名字听起来奇怪，你无法改变它，你能按照下面的建议来做。the following 后跟名词，suggest的名词是suggestion，可数名词，要用复数，故答案为suggestions。
（8）句意：尝试去利用一个中间的名字如果他不难发音。middle name是一个可数名词，没加a就是单数，前面要用不定冠词a，故答案为a。
（9）句意：如果你没有中间名字，你能使用一个绰号。引导条件状语从句要用if，如果，故答案为If。
（10）句意：当你去参加面试，你能解释你经常使用一个绰号因为人们发现你的真名发音很难。修饰名词要用形容词，故答案为real。
【点评】考查语法填空，在语篇中考查基本语法项目的运用，首先理解文章大意，然后细
读文章，根据提示准确写出答案，注意考虑句型、搭配、冠词、从句、时态、语境等，最后通读检查验证。
二、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
9．阅读理解D Dear Mum,
You think you know a lot of things about me, but you don't. You try to tell me how to dress, but you don't realize that it should be my decision.
I don't think that you have any respect （尊重） for me, because you come into my room, touch anything you want, and don't even put things back in their place. Could you please change a little? Sincerely, Your son John Dear Mum,
My life is different from yours because we grew up in different times. I have to go out into the world and experience it myself! But don't worry about me, because I come from a happy family. I'm still your little girl, but I'll be an adult some day. I want to be the best and strongest me. You taught me about it. Thanks Mum! Sincerely, Your daughter Helen Dear Mum and Dad,
I'm writing you this letter because I need to tell you both something. I want to continue my education at a college in our city. I want to go to school part-time and work part-time.
Now I'm 17 years old. I need to make decisions on my own. I need a goal and a plan for my future. You've taught me to be strong and do what I believe in. I want to say thanks for everything you did for me. Love, Your son Mike
（1）Why doesn't John think his mother respects him?
A. Because she never says “please” to John. B. Because she always asks John to do what she likes.
C. Because she never asks John's opinions about anything. D. Because she always touches John's things without putting them back.
（2）What may be the problem between Helen and her mother? A. Her mother is too strict with her B. She can't understand her mother. C. Her mother worries too much about her. D. She is too young to look after her mother. （3）Helen wants to say ________ to her mother.
A. sorry B. thanks C. goodbye D. welcome （4）Mike writes to his parents to ________.
A. share with them his life in school B. tell them how much he loves them C. tell them his ideas about his future D. tell them about his favourite college
（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the last letter?
A. Mike will go to college when he is 17 years old. B. Mike wants to go to a college far from his home.
C. Mike is thankful for everything his parents did for him. D. Mike hopes to go to school full-time and work part-time 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）B （4）C （5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章写了John，Helen和Mike写给父母的信。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章原句 I don't think that you have any respect （尊重） for me, because you come into my room, touch anything you want, and don't even put things back in their place.可知John认为母亲不尊重她因为她来他的房间，摸他的动词，甚至不放回原处，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章原句But don't worry about me, because I come from a happy family. 可知Helen认为她的母亲对她担心太多，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章原句You taught me about it. Thanks Mum! 可知Helen要向母亲表示感谢，故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据文章原句Now I'm 17 years old. I need to make decisions on my own. I need a goal and a plan for my future. 可知Mike想要告诉母亲他的未来的计划，故选C。 （5）细节理解题。根据文章原句I want to say thanks for everything you did for me. 我想要对你为我做的一切表达感谢，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。在通读全文的基础上，掌握大意，根据问题在文章中找到具体的依据，锁定答案。
10．阅读理解
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying...
Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy!
Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are the monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.
Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still!
Posture（姿势）. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.
Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips（噘起嘴唇）. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.
（1）How many kinds of body language are mentioned in this passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. （2） , you may cross your arms. A. When someone helps you B. When someone upsets you C. when someone hits you D. When someone pleases you
（3）You should hold your head level if you_________. A. want others to take your words seriously B. want to be friendly in listening C. want to be polite D. want to make fun of others
（4）What does the underlined word refer to?
A. Lifting your arm. B. Nodding your head. C. Giving a posture. D. Pursing your lips. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了肢体语言。
（1）细节题。根据第二段到第六段可知讲了一共5种肢体语言，即胳膊、头、腿、姿势和嘴，故选C。
（2）细节题。根据If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy!可知别人使你不安时，交叉你的胳膊表示你不高兴，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are the monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously.可知如果想要他人认真对待你的话语你应该保持头的水平，故选A。
（4）细节题。根据When you are thinking, you often purse your lips（噘起嘴唇）. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show可知撅起嘴唇表明是不高兴的，如果撅起嘴唇没有被注意到，他人不会知道你不高兴，所以it代指撅起嘴唇，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
11．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to
meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Adults: $2.00
Children: Over12 $1.00 Under12 Free Opening time: 9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m. Except Friday: 10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m. Attentions: Keep the zoo clean.
Do not touch, give food or go near the animals.
（1）How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage?
A. Seven B. Six C. Five D. Four （2）Now Mr. Smith is in the zoo with his son aged 10, how much are the tickets together? A. $2.00 B. $3.00 C. $4.00 D. $1.00 （3）Which of the following is the visiting time?
A. 8: 30 a. m. Monday B. 9: 30 a. m. Friday C. 3: 00 p. m. Sunday D. 5: 00 p. m. Tuesday （4）From the passage we can guess the animal \"giraffe\" must be very ________. A. fat B. long C. strong D. tall （5）This passage is ________.
A. a poster B. news C. a letter D. a story 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了动物园的一些广告信息。
（1）细节题。根据 Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.可知有大象、老虎、熊、猴子、狗和长颈鹿，六种动物，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据Adults: $2.00 Children: Over12 $1.00 Under12 Free可知成年人2美元，12岁以下的孩子免费，12岁以上的孩子1美元，史密斯先生的儿子10岁，所以免费，所以是2美元，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据Opening time: 9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m.Except Friday: 10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m.可知开放时间是9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m.，星期五10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m.不开放，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.可知长颈鹿俯视你，所以长颈鹿是高的，故选D。
（5）细节题。根据全文可知是广告信息，所以是海报，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
12．阅读理解
On the first day of the New Year 2019, I made up my mind to go to Thailand to teach English as a volunteer. At the beginning, all I cared about was travelling and seeing the country. I didn't know how fantastic my life would be in the coming months!
My journey began with attending TESOL certification course in my home state of New York last February. After 3 weekends of study and another 40 hours' study online, I received my TESOL certificate.
I was asked to contact Philip, who is Program Director of the Teach in Thailand. After discussing with Philip, I chose my school and after many months of excitement, I finally flew to Thailand in early April and I couldn't wait to explore the country!
After a few weeks of single travel, I met up with Philip and the other new teachers in my program in Bangkok. It was great to meet other people who were on the same journey as me, see some cool sights and walk in Thailand's cities! After that, I attended the week-long training. At the end of the training, I was sent to my school—Anuban Buriram Primary School.
I truly love my job—I teach Grades 5 and 6 and I have the cleverest and most active kids in the world. It's a truly fantastic thing that you can see the difference you make in someone else's life, right in front of you!
Buriram is a small city with green rice fields. People here are more friendly than anyone I've ever met—I've never been anywhere where a smile is so easily received, where everyone you pass is so friendly to say \"Hello\" and \"Good morning\". I've been taken out to countless dinners, and been lent a guitar, a camera, and I am given Thai treats and the most delicious fresh fruits many times a week. I only hope to repay them in the future. （1）Where do \"I\" come from?
A. Thailand. B. America. C. England. D. China. （2）What did the writer do right away after arriving in Thailand? A. He travelled around Thailand by himself. B. He had a discussion with Philip. C. He attended a seminar in Bangkok. D. He met with other volunteers.
（3）In the last paragraph the writer is trying to show . A. that Buriram is small but very beautiful B. that the Thai treats are fresh and delicious C. how generous and friendly the Thai people are D. how he wants to repay the people who helped him （4）The writer wrote this passage in order to . A. give some advice to future volunteers B. encourage more people to travel in Thailand C. show the readers how to become a volunteer D. tell us his voluntary experience in Thailand 【答案】 （1）B
（2）A （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文作者告诉我们他作为一名志愿者去泰国教英语的美好的经历。 （1）推断题。根据My journey began with attending TESOL certification（认证） course in my home state of Florida last February可知作者来自弗罗里达州，即美国。故选B。 （2）细节题。根据After a few weeks of single travel，I met up with Philip and the other new teachers in my program in Bangkok可知作者到泰国后，先独自旅游。故选A。 （3）细节题。根据最后一段作者想说明泰国人的慷慨和友好。故选C。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知作者写本文的目的是告诉我们他在泰国做志愿者的经历。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
13．阅读理解
After some time, another official climbed up to the platform and spoke to me. From his signs I understood that they were going to move me. The King of this country（which was called Lilliput）had ordered his people to carry me to the capital city, about a kilometre away. I made signs to ask whether（是否） I could be untied, but the official politely said \"No\". While I was eating bread, a platform had been prepared to carry me. The people of Lilliput, known as the Lilliputians, are very clever with their hands. For me, five hundred men built a special wooden platform with twenty－two wheels. Nine hundred of the strongest men worked for about three hours to lift me on to the platform, and one thousand five hundred of the King's largest horses（each eleven and a half centimetres high）pulled me to the capital. I did not know about any of this, because they had put a sleeping powder in my wine, and I was in a deep sleep. （An Extract from A voyage to Lilliput ）
（1）This is most probably .
A. a poem B. a novel C. a poster D. a notice （2）Who was the ruler of this country?
A. Gulliver B. Swift C. Lilliput D. The King （3）According to（根据） the extract, what did the Lilliputians do with \"I\"? A. The official set \"I\" free B. They only gave bread to \"I\" C. They used a platform to carry \"I\" D. They built a wonderful chair for \"I\" 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文是节选英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特《格列佛游记》中《小
人国》一段。主要讲述了利力浦特国人（小人国人）把\"我\"运到利力浦特国（小人国）首都的事情。
（1）考查主旨理解。根据文中描述利力浦特人被称为小人，他们的手非常灵巧。五百人为我建造了一个有二十二个轮子特别的木头平台。九百个最强壮的人工作了大约三个小时把我抬到平台上，一千五百匹国王的最大的马（每匹11.5厘米高）把我拉到首都，不符合实际，因此可知这很可能是小说，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第3句The King of this country（which was called Lilliput）had ordered his people to carry me to the capital city，about a kilometre away. 利力浦特国的国王命令他的人民把我带到首都，大约一公里远。可知国王是这个国家的统治者，故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第6和7句For me，five hundred men built a special wooden platform with twenty－two wheels. Nine hundred of the strongest men worked for about three hours to lift me on to the platform，and one thousand five hundred of the King's largest horses（each eleven and a half centimetres high）pulled me to the capital. 五百人为我建造了一个有二十二个轮子特别的木头平台。九百个最强壮的人工作了大约三个小时把我抬到平台上，一千五百匹国王的最大的马（每匹11.5厘米高）把我拉到首都。可知他们用一个平台运载我，故选C。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。审视标题，抓住中心。浏览全文，掌握全貌。细读题目，抓住要点。细读题目，抓住要点。理解大意，初选答案。复读全文，核对答案。
14．阅读理解
McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has become a central character, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong.
McDull is a male pig who can be distinguished by a birthmark on his right eye. He has a heart of gold, but he isn't very smart and ordinary in every way; nevertheless, he has many dreams. However, every time he tries, he fails; he is disappointed, but tries again, exploring other dreams. In this way he creates his own colourful world. He lives his life simply and naturally. He is not perfect, but his attitude towards life, namely never giving up, makes him a popular character. The first McDull movie documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother. As in the comics, McDull is a piglet who lives with his mother, Mrs Mak, in Hong Kong. He is a kindergarten student. He has a happy school life with his classmates including geese, tortoises and other pigs. McDull and his mum love each other very much. McDull tries his best to make his mother proud of him and his mother tries hard to give McDull a happy childhood. After realizing his dream, McDull sets himself another target: to become an Olympic champion just like female windsurfer Lee Laishan. （1）Who created McDull?
A. Alice Mak. B. Brian Tse. C. Mrs Mak. D. Both A and B. （2）Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
A. McDull is a female pig. B. McDull has a heart of gold. C. McDull is very smart. D. McDull isn't ordinary in every way.
（3）What's McDull's attitude towards life?
A. He lives his life simply. B. He tries and he fails. C. He never gives up. D. He is not perfect. （4）Which of the following statements is WRONG? A. Mrs Mak loves McDull very much.
B. Mrs Mak tries hard to give McDull a happy childhood. C. Mrs Mak lives in Hong Kong.
D. Mrs Mak lives with McDull and her husband. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了McDull这一卡通人物的特征以及跟它有关的电影。 （1）细节题。根据第一段提到的 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse. 可知，McDull是由Alice Mak和Brian Tse一起创造的，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据第二段提到的 He has a heart of gold 可知， McDull has a heart of gold，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据第二段提到的 He is not perfect, but his attitude towards life, namely never giving up, makes him a popular character. 可知它的生活态度就是不放弃，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据第三段提到的 As in the comics, McDull is a piglet who lives with his mother, Mrs Mak, in Hong Kong. 可知，没有提到他的父亲，故D选项错误，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
15．阅读理解
When you are ill, you must be unhappy because you feel uncomfortable, you don't want to work and you may have to stay in bed. This makes you feel very sad.
What makes us ill? They are germs. Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes. But you can see them with a microscope（显微镜）. They are very, very small and there could be hundreds of them on a little piece of something.
Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope. We will see a lots of them in it, so your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water. Germs are not only found in water. They are found in air and dust（灰尘）, if you get a cut in the finger, and if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut, germs will come into your finger. Your finger will become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes if the germs go into all of your body, you may have pain in every part of the body.
What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.
（1）The underlined word \"germs\" means ________ in Chinese.
A. 尘埃 B. 细胞 C. 赃物 D. 病菌 （2）If we want to find out how many germs there are, we can use ________. A. eyes B. glasses C. microscopes D. cameras （3）According to the passage, we can find a lot of germs at ________ places. A. clean B. dirty C. quiet D. noisy （4）From the passage, we know that germs are ________ to us.
A. friendly B. bad C. useful D. important 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】 本文主要说明细菌让我们生病。细菌无处不在。细菌经常出现在脏水中。在空气和灰尘中也有细菌。有时细菌会进入你的身体，让你处处有疼痛。
（1）词义猜测题。根据 They are germs. Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes. But you can see them with a microscope 是细菌，细菌无处不在，它们非常小而且你无法用肉眼看见,但是你可以用显微镜看见它们，可知germs是细菌的意思，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes. But you can see them with a microscope，可知它们非常小而且你无法用肉眼看见，但是你可以用显微镜看见它们，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据 Germs are always found in dirty water，可知我们可以在脏水里面看见很多细菌 ，故选B。
（4）推理题。根据 if you get a cut in the finger, and if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut, germs will come into your finger. Your finger will become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes if the germs go into all of your body, you may have pain in every part of the body. 如果你的手指有一个伤口，你的手指会变得大而红肿,而且你会感到那儿很疼，如果有时细菌进入了你的体内，你会感到浑身疼痛的可知细菌对我们有害，故选B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题3种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
16．阅读理解
Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. It sits by the River Thames. London has a history of more than 2, 000 years. Because of its long history and different cultures, London is a very famous city in the world. People all over the world are familiar with the city's red double-decker（双层的）buses and black taxis. People
The British Empire used to（过去常常）rule around the world, so many people from around
the world moved to London. They have brought with them their own languages and cultures. More than 300 different languages are spoken in London. Culture
London is known for its museums. One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. Besides, London is also home to arts, such as theater and music. The Globe Theater, which was popular in the late
16th and 17th centuries, was opened for performances of William Shakespeare's plays. Tourist attractions
London has many wonderful places to visit. For example, the well-known Clock Tower, a 320-foot-hightower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal（皇家的）family of England live there. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London.
（1）What's the population of London?
A. Less than 7 million. B. Only 7 million. C. More than 7 million. D. Nearly 7 million. （2）How many museums are there in London according to the passage? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. （3）The members of royal family of England live in.
A. the big Ben B. Buckingham Palace C. Hyde Park D. British Museum （4）Which of the following is NOT mentioned（提及）in the passage? A. The location of London. B. The history of London. C. The interesting places in London. D. The food in London. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章从人口，文化和旅游景点三方面介绍了英国的首都—伦敦。
（1）细节理解题，根据 London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. 可知，伦敦有七百多万人口，故答案是C。 （2）细节理解题，根据 One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. 可知伦敦有世界上最古老的公共博物馆和两个主要的艺术博物馆，一共三个博物馆，故答案是B。
（3）细节理解题，根据 Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal（皇家的）family of England live there. 可知英国皇室的人住在白金汉宫，故答案是B。
（4）细节理解题，文章主要从人们、文化和旅游景点介绍伦敦的，没有涉及到伦敦的美食，故答案是D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题，细节理解题一般比较简单，可以直接
在文章中找到答案。
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