外教社综合教程第3版3Unit 1 Words and Expressions for Text I

Fresh Start

Evelyn Herald

Words and Expressions:

pitiful: adj. 令人同情的；可怜的 deserving or causing you to feel pity

同义词： pathetic

The horse was a pitiful sight (= because it was very thin or sick) .

这匹马看上去可怜兮兮的。

2 卑微的；卑鄙的 not deserving respect

同义词： poor

a pitiful effort/excuse/performance

不精彩的努力 / 借口 / 表现

first-gradish: adj. having the qualities and characteristics of a first-grade student (In most cases, the word is considered as a synonym of naïve or

inexperienced.)

-ish: added to nouns and names to form adjectives which indicate that someone or something is like a particular kind of person or thing.

childish, girlish

distress: n. 忧虑；悲伤；痛苦 a feeling of great worry or unhappiness; great suffering

The newspaper article caused the actor considerable distress.

报上的文章给这位演员带来极大的痛苦。

distinct: adj. 1 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的 easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.

His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。

2 ~ (from sth) 截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的 clearly different or of a different kind

Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.

牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。

rural areas, as distinct from major cities

完全不同于大城市的农村地区

square: v. 挺直身子；挺起胸膛

if you square yourself, or square your shoulders, you make your back and shoulders straight to show you are ready or determined to do sth

Bruno squared himself to face the waiting journalists.

布鲁诺挺起胸膛面对等候的记者。

ever so: (informal, especially BrE) 非常；很；确实；的确 very; really

He looks ever so smart.

discreet: adj. （言行）谨慎的，慎重的，考虑周到的

careful in what you say or do, in order to keep sth secret or to avoid causing embarrassment or difficulty for sb

同义词： tactful

He was always very discreet about his love affairs.

他对两性关系一贯谨小慎微。

You ought to make a few discreet enquiries before you sign anything.

你应该审慎地询问清楚再签字。

clutch: v. 紧握；抱紧；抓紧 to hold sb/sth tightly

同义词： grip

He clutched the child to him.

他紧紧地抱住小孩。

glimpse: n. ~ (at sb/sth) | ~ (of sb/sth)

一瞥；一看 a look at sb/sth for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely

He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.

他一眼瞥见她在人群里。

Comparison:

stare, gaze, glare, glimpse 这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：

stare v. 强调由于好奇、害怕瞪大眼睛盯着看或茫然地看。

gaze v. “凝视”，强调由于惊奇、兴趣，目不转睛地注视。

glare v. “怒目而视”，强调由于生气、藐视等瞪眼看。

glimpse v. “瞥见”，短暂而急促地看，现多用作名词。

[注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短语，但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。

reserve: n. [U] 内向；寡言少语；矜持

the quality that sb has when they do not talk easily to other people about their ideas, feelings, etc.

同义词： reticence

She found it difficult to make friends because of her natural reserve.

她因天性矜持很难交到朋友。

assurance: n. also self-assurance

[U] 自信 belief in your own abilities or strengths

同义词： confidence

There was an air of easy assurance and calm about him.

他表现出从容自信和冷静。

whereabouts: n. （人或物）所在的地方；下落；行踪 the place where sb/sth is

His whereabouts are/is still unknown.

他仍下落不明。

march: v. （坚定地向某地）前进，进发 to walk somewhere quickly in a determined way

She marched over to me and demanded an apology.

她毅然走过来，要我向她道歉。

manual: n. 使用手册；说明书；指南

a book that tells you how to do or operate sth, especially one that comes with a machine, etc. when you buy it

a computer/car/instruction manual

电脑 / 汽车说明书；用法指南

demeanor: n. [U] (formal) 外表；风度；行为；举止 the way that sb looks or behaves

He maintained a professional demeanour throughout.

他始终保持着专业人才的风度。

deliberate: v. 仔细考虑；深思熟虑；反复思考

to think very carefully about sth, usually before making a decision

The jury deliberated for five days before finding him guilty.

陪审团认真讨论了五天才裁定他有罪。

They deliberated on whether to continue with the talks.

他们仔细考虑了是否继续谈判的问题。

foreground: n. 1 [C, usually sing.] （景物、图画等的）前景

the part of a view, picture, etc. that is nearest to you when you look at it

The figure in the foreground is the artist's mother.

图画前景中的人是画家的母亲。

2 [sing.] 瞩目地位；重要位置

an important position that is noticed by people

Inflation and interest rates will be very much in the foreground of their election campaign.

通货膨胀和利率将很可能是他们竞选的重点问题。

vision: n. [U] 视力；视野 the ability to see; the area that you can see from a particular position

to have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision

视力好 / 极好 / 差 / 模糊 / 正常

The couple moved outside her field of vision .

这对夫妇离开了她的视野。

He glimpsed something on the edge of his vision.

他斜眼瞥见了点什么。

crack: v. （使）发出爆裂声，噼啪作响 to make a sharp sound; to make sth do this

He cracked his whip and galloped away.

他抽响鞭子，策马飞奔而去。

anthology: n. （不同作家作品的）选集

a collection of poems, stories, etc. that have been written by different people and published together in a book

scribble: v. ~ (sth) | ~ sth down

草草记下，匆匆书写（尤指因时间仓促）

to write sth quickly and carelessly, especially because you do not have much time

同义词： scrawl

He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving.

临行前，他给妹妹草草写了一封短信。

crisp: adj. (of paper or cloth 纸张或布料) 洁净的；挺括的

fresh and clean; new and slightly stiff without any folds in it

a crisp white shirt 洁净挺括的白衬衫

ruled: adj. （纸张）有横格的，有平行线的

ruled paper has lines printed across it

grope: v. ~ (around)(for sth)

摸索；搜索；搜寻；探寻

to try and find sth that you cannot see, by feeling with your hands

He groped around in the dark for his other sock.

他在黑暗中到处瞎摸找另一只袜子。

assume: v. (formal) 装出；假装

to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality

同义词： put on

He assumed an air of concern. 他装出关心的样子。

pose: n. （为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势

a particular position in which sb stands, sits, etc., especially in order to be painted, drawn or photographed

He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera. 他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。

curse: v. 咒骂；诅咒；在心里诅咒

to say rude things to sb or think rude things about sb/sth

She cursed her bad luck. 她骂自己运气不好。

tip: v. （使）倾斜，倾倒，翻覆

to move so that one end or side is higher than the other; to move sth into this position

同义词： tilt

The boat tipped to one side. 船向一边倾斜。

tip sb↔off (about sth)

(informal) 暗中警告，私下告诫，密报（尤指非法的事情）

to warn sb about sth that is going to happen, especially sth illegal

Three men were arrested after police were tipped off about the raid.

警方获得有关袭击的密报后，逮捕了三个人。

puddle: n. 水洼；小水坑；（尤指）雨水坑

a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in one place on the ground

flail: v. ~ (sth) (about/around)

乱动；胡乱摆动

to move around without control; to move your arms and legs around without control

He was running along, his arms flailing wildly.

他向前跑，拼命摆动双臂。

maneuver/manoeuvre: n. 策略；手段；花招；伎俩

a clever plan, action or movement that is used to give sb an advantage

diplomatic manoeuvres 外交策略

soak: v. ~ (sth) (in sth)

浸泡；浸湿；浸透；湿透

to put sth in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet; to become completely wet in this way

I usually soak the beans overnight. 我通常把豆子泡一夜。

clear: adv. ~ (of sth)

离开；不靠近；不接触 away from sth; not near or touching sth

Stand clear of the train doors. 不要靠近火车门站立。

topple: v. 1 [+ adv./prep.] （使）失去平衡而坠落，倒塌，倒下

to become unsteady and fall down; to make sth do this

He brushed past, toppling her from her stool.

他经过时蹭了她一下，使她从凳子上摔了下来。

2 [VN] ；推翻； to make sb lose their position of power or authority

同义词： overthrow

a plot to topple the President 推翻总统的阴谋

brigade: n. [usually sing.] (often disapproving) （主张相同或其他某方面相似的）伙，帮，派

used, always with a word or phrase in front of it, to describe a group of people who share the same opinions or are similar in some other way

the anti-smoking brigade 反吸烟派

charge: v. [V + adv./prep.] 向…方向冲去 to rush in a particular direction

The children charged down the stairs. 孩子们冲下了楼梯。

sneak: v. [V + adv./prep.] 偷偷地走；溜

to go somewhere secretly, trying to avoid being seen

同义词： creep

I sneaked up the stairs. 我蹑手蹑脚地上了楼。

humiliate: v. [VN] 羞辱；使丧失尊严

to make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people

I didn't want to humiliate her in front of her colleagues.

我不想当着她同事们的面令她难堪。

assortment: n. [usually sing.] 各种各样

a collection of different things or of different types of the same thing

同义词： mixture

a wide assortment of gifts to choose from

各式各样可供挑选的礼品

crunchy: adj. (approving) (especially of food 尤指食物) 硬脆的；爽脆的；松脆的

firm and crisp and making a sharp sound when you bite or crush it

a crunchy salad

松脆的色拉

chewy: adj. (of food 食物) 需要多嚼的；不易嚼烂的；耐嚼的

needing to be chewed a lot before it can be swallowed

tiptoe: v. [V , usually + adv./prep.] 踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走

to walk using the front parts of your feet only, so that other people cannot hear you

I tiptoed over to the window. 我踮着脚走到窗前。

collapse: v. (informal) （尤指工作劳累后）坐下，躺下放松

to sit or lie down and relax, especially after working hard

When I get home I like to collapse on the sofa and listen to music.

回到家时，我喜欢倒在沙发上听音乐。

crash: n. [usually sing.] （倒下、破碎等突然的）碰撞声，破裂声，碎裂声

a sudden loud noise made, for example, by sth falling or breaking

The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了。

composed: adj. [not usually before noun] 镇静；镇定；平静

calm and in control of your feelings

She seemed outwardly composed. 她表面上好像很镇静。

clasp: n. [sing.] 紧握；紧攥；紧抱

a tight hold with your hand or in your arms

He took her hand in his firm warm clasp. 他用温暖的手紧紧握住她的手。

grin: v. ~ (at sb)

露齿而笑；咧着嘴笑；龇着牙笑 to smile widely

She grinned amiably at us. 她咧着嘴向我们亲切地微笑。

Comparison:

smile, beam, chuckle, giggle, laugh, roar, sneer, jeer, grin 这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：

smile v. 指面露微笑，侧重于无声。

beam v. 本义指照耀，放光，引申为“微笑”，是正式用语，指人因心情舒畅而喜形于色地笑，暗示对他人友好或内心满足。

e.g. She beamed with happiness.

她高兴得眉开眼笑。

chuckle v.（书面语）吃吃发笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。

e.g. She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.

她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴笑。

giggle v. 咯咯地笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐或尴尬时发出笑声。

e.g. The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.

这个著名的足球运动员走进教室，女生们都咯咯笑起来。

laugh v. 最常用词，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑，常指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。

roar v. 怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。

e.g. He roared when he heard the joke.

他听完这个笑话，哈哈大笑。

sneer v. 指冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。

e.g. He sneered at the offer and said it was too low.

他对报价不屑一顾，说它太低了。

jeer v. 讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。

e.g. The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.

那个拳手被击倒，人群开始嘲笑他。

grin v. 指露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧嘴露齿地笑。

e.g. He grinned at his mother.

他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。

slink: v. 【不规则形式】 slunk, slunk

[V + adv./prep.] 偷偷摸摸地走；躲躲闪闪地走；溜

to move somewhere very quietly and slowly, especially because you are ashamed or do not want to be seen 同义词： creep

John was trying to slink into the house by the back door.

约翰想从后门溜进房子里。

malicious: adj. 怀有恶意的；恶毒的

having or showing hatred and a desire to harm sb or hurt their feelings

同义词： malevolent, spiteful

malicious gossip/lies/rumours

恶毒的流言飞语 / 谎言 / 谣言

He took malicious pleasure in telling me what she had said.

他幸灾乐祸地告诉我她说的那些话。

preoccupation: n. [U, C] ~ (with sth)

盘算；思虑；长久思考的事情

a state of thinking about sth continuously; sth that you think about frequently or for a long time

同义词： obsession

She found his preoccupation with money irritating.

她对他一心只想着钱感到很厌烦。

shackles: n. [pl.]

1 镣铐；手铐；脚镣

two metal rings joined together by a chain and placed around a prisoner's wrists or ankles to prevent them from escaping or moving easily

2 ~ (of sth) (formal) 枷锁；桎梏；束缚

a particular state, set of conditions or circumstances, etc. that prevent you from saying or doing what you want

a country struggling to free itself from the shackles of colonialism

为摆脱殖民主义的枷锁而斗争的国家

conscience: n. [C, U] 良心；良知

the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong

to have a clear/guilty conscience (= to feel that you have done right/wrong)

问心无愧 / 有愧

This is a matter of individual conscience (= everyone must make their own judgement about it) .

这关系个人的良知。

massive: adj. 巨大的；大而重的；结实的

very large, heavy and solid

a massive rock 一块巨大的岩石