2022届高考英语(浙江专用)总复习真题研练：Week 1 Monday Word版含解析

(2022·江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科技说明文。主要介绍的是通过试验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互挂

念的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩没有相互挂念的本能，根本就不懂合作，而人却从小就知道挂念他人，擅长与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。 1．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A．Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food. D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.

答案 A [细节理解题。依据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关怀其他的黑猩猩，比如其次段中的例子：把邻居的食物占为己有，根本不关怀邻居是否有东西吃。] 2．Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they ________． A．have the instinct to help others B．know how to offer help to adults C．know the world better than chimps D．trust adults with their hands full

答案 A [细节推断题。依据第三段中的Human children，on the other hand，are extremely cooperative.From the earliest ages，they decide to help others可推断出，孩子有挂念他人的本能。] 3．The passage is mainly about ________． A．the helping behaviors of young children B．ways to train children’s shared intentionality C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature D．the development of intelligence in children

答案 C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通过试验，发觉黑猩猩没有相互挂念的本能，根本就不懂合作，而人却从小就知道挂念他人，擅长与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。故C项为最佳答案。] Task 2：词汇积累 1．cooperate vi.合作，协作

2．territory n．领土，范围 3．one another彼此 4．decline v．谢绝，削减 5．at random任凭地 6．on the other hand另一方面 7．participate in参与，共享

8．no better than不比……好；几乎等于 Task 3：攻克长难句

1．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.

分析：这是一个复合句，主句是he will pull at random，破折号后的句子对主句作进一步的解释；在if引导的条件状语从句中，where引导定语从句，修饰a cage；该定语从句又包含定语从句that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，修饰a__plate。

2．He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

分析：在that引导的宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句，aged 18 months作定语，修饰babies；with hands full是with复合结构作定语，修饰an__unrelated__adult。