动名词的用法

A．基本用法

一、作主语 Reading is an art.

Climbing mountains is really fun.

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.

有时，借用 it 作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句尾（多见于某些形容词及名词之后）。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is fun playing with children.

覆水难收

上这种拥挤的车真难。 和孩子们一起玩真好。 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car.

It is a waste of time advising such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 There is no joking about such matters. there’s no point in等等。

二、作宾语

某些动词或短语后面只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, prohibit, put off, report, risk, stand, suggest, understand; be busy, be worth, be/ get used to, feel like等。

Do you enjoy listening to pop music?

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. Would you mind me opening the window? 三、作表语

The main thing is getting there in time. What I hate most is being laughed at. Your task is cleaning the windows. 四、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。

a walking stick a stick for walking =a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine =a machine for washing =a machine which is used for washing a reading room =a room for reading =a room which is used for reading

五、作宾语补足语

I heard a girl crying not far away.

Don’t have your child staying at home alone. Can you smell something burning?

常接动名词作宾语补足语的动词有：discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, notice, observe, see,

★在下列结构之后常用动名词：it’s no good; it’s no/ little/ hardly any/ use; it’s worthwhile;

think, watch等。

B．动名词的各种形式

一、动名词的否定结构：not + 动名词

I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.

Our problem is not having enough materials.

Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. He regrets not having taken part in the work.

John denied having been there.

We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.

★在明确表示时间的动词和介词after, on, upon, for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示Excuse me for coming late.

I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. On hearing that bad news, the mother couldn’t help crying. Thank you for giving us so much help. 三、动名词的被动式

I like being given harder work. He doesn’t mind having been criticized. I forget once being taken to the city zoo. 四、动名词的复合结构

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. His smoking made his family angry. Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. They insist on Mary’s/ Mary going with them there. Do you think my going there will be of any help? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ?

注意：如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名

词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。 Would you mind my/ me using your computer? The father insisted on his son’s/ his son going to college. Mary’s being ill made her mother upset.

She is proud of being admitted into the university.

动作发生在谓语动作之前。

二、动名词的完成式：所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。

I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal.

C．其他情况

1、动词advise, allow, forbid, permit后面接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 They don't allow smoking here. The villagers don't allow them to do this. My father advised sending for a doctor. He advised farmers to choose the best seeds.

2、有些动词后面接上另一动词的不定式或者动名词均可，但意思却大相径庭。

forget to do sth. forget doing sth. mean to do sth. mean doing sth. regret to do sth. regret doing sth.

忘记要做某事 忘记做过某事 打算做某事 意味着做某事 很抱歉要做某事 很遗憾做了某事 记得要做某事 记得做过某事 停下来做另一件事 停止做某事 试图做某事 尝试着做某事 不能帮助做某事 情不自禁地做某事 接着做另一件事 连续不停地做某事 因害怕而不敢做某事 担心某事会发生

= Our farm needs to be helped in autumn. = My bicycle wants to be repaired. = The flowers require to be watered.

be / get accustomed to be adjusted to be opposed to belong to

习惯于 适应于 反对 属于 把…比作… 着手做 除…之外 盼望 对…作贡献 注意 更喜欢

转向；求助于

remember to do sth. remember t doing sth.

stop to do sth. stop doing sth. try to do sth. try doing sth.

can't help (to) do sth. can't help doing sth. go on to do sth. go on doing sth. be afraid to do sth.

be afraid of doing sth.

3、动词need, require, want, be worth后面常接动名词作宾语表示被动含义。

Our farm needs helping in autumn. My bicycle wants repairing. The flowers require watering. accustom oneself to be addicted to be devoted to be exposed to

contribute to give rise to lead to object to refer to stick to

look up to

devote oneself to

4、用于动词短语中的介词to：

使自己习惯于 沉溺于；对…上瘾 致力于；忠诚于 暴露于；遭受 献身于；专心于 引起 导致 尊敬

对…作贡献；有助于 compare… to…

get down to in addition to

look forward to

make contributions to prefer… to… turn to

反对；不喜欢 pay attention to 谈到；参考；查阅 坚持