【考情探究】
考点
所给信息特点
2019浙江6月
语篇类型
议论文
2018浙江11月 议论文
考情分析
2018浙江6月 2017浙江11月 2017浙江6月
2016浙江10月
概要写作 话题
如何有效表扬孩建议申请者参观即将去
子 342
读的大学 349
轮空 轮空 轮空 轮空
词数
分析解读 1.考查方式
提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。 2.考查能力
要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性; (3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。 3.考查趋势
(1)概要写作考试的设题形式将保持稳定,选材主要是说明文和议论文; (2)文章结构比较清楚,但文章难度会稳中有升,略高于阅读理解的文章; (3)文章取材大多会来自国外报刊网站。
【真题探秘】
真题再现
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to 阅读点拨 live on a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
在你申请之前参观一下大学是 1.文章大意
本文采用了总分结构,每一段的第一句都是主旨句,能帮助考生迅速把握文章和段落大意。
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited
个好主意。
campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顾问), and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting
第三段:你应该在申请和得到录取通知书之间找到一些时间来参观学校。
第四段:如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。 2.段落大意
第二段:没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校。
an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
【高分作文写作过程详解】
1.获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息 (1)文章主旨句
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply... (2)段落主旨句
Paragraph 2: There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. Paragraph 3: ...you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools...
Paragraph 4: ...check out the online college fairs at College-WeekLive. (3)支持句
第四段中的it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend可以看作是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和说明。
2.立足文章结构,筛选主要信息
本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主要信息写入概要。根据本文实际,段落支持信息不再写入概要。
3.分析句子关系,提炼关键词
本文为议论文,visit colleges、visit the schools、check out the online college fairs等词语为关键词,它们是概要写作的基础和核心。
4.依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息
(1)可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合:
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.
(2)可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合:
Check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive that will help you make an informed decision.
5.忠于原文思想,变换表达方式
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.
→It's wise of you to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones close to you.
6.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯
It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to colleges, especially the ones close to you.(使用副词especially增强了上下文之间的连贯性)
参考范文
五档作文
It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to, especially the ones close to you.(要点1)In order to avoid making a wrong choice, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2) If you find it difficult to get enough time and money, it will be helpful to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive and there you can get the necessary information.(要点3) 满分作文
It is a wise choice for you to visit the colleges you are applying to in person, especially the ones that are close to you. (要点1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2)If time and money are your problems, it will be of great benefit to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要点3)
【五年高考】
(2019浙江6月)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still,don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report. But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
答案
[写作提示]
1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。 2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太
过关注结果。
3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。 One possible version:
How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong way may have opposite effects on children.(要点1) On the other hand, no praise also does harm to kids' development.(要点2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather than the end product.(要点3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids' proper effort, regardless of the result.(要点4)
【三年模拟】
A组 2018—2020年模拟·基础题组
Writing 1(2020届山东济宁鱼台一中期中)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Smoking a whole packet of cigarettes in a day once or twice a year would certainly make someone feel ill, but probably would not kill him. Smoking even one cigarette every day for decades, though, might do so. That is the difference between the acute exposure and the chronic(慢性的)one, and it is a difference that most people understand. What they may not understand is that the same thing applies to air pollution.
On a day-to-day basis, the forecasts most European cities offer turn red only when pollution levels rise to a point where they will cause immediate discomfort. That makes sense, but it might also make the badly-informed citizens think that if most days in the place where they live are green, the air they're breathing is basically safe. This may not be the case. For example, in London where the national data said air quality was “good” or “very good”four days out of five, a study found that levels of NO2 were always higher than the WHO's limit of a long-term danger.
Official data also fail to notice patterns of difference within a day. These can be important,because people might be able to change their behavior if they understood them. Our study suggests, for example, that Parisians who head out for work at 9 a.m.
and return at 6 p.m. could reduce their average daily intake of NO2 by 16% by traveling both ways an hour earlier. Going two hours earlier would cut the intake by 28%.
The best advice of all to people in these cities,though, is to move to America. In New York, levels of NO2 were 20% below the WHO limit, and that is pretty typical of places in the United States, where diesel(柴油) is less common than that in Europe. As the words on the Statue of Liberty say, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled(蜷缩的) masses yearning to breathe free.”
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。 1.本文共分四段:第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。
2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。 3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。 One possible version:
Like cigarettes, air pollution can be mild, but it is also harmful to human health in the long term.(要点1)The forecasts saying days are green don't mean the air is absolutely safe to breathe. (要点2)Most European citizens are not informed of the different patterns of pollution within a day. (要点3)These people are advised to move to America, where the air is quite clean.(要点4) Writing 2(2020届浙江杭州三校一模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the “decline of class” and “classless society” in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of classes.
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks show her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated” and “soft”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional (地区的) city accents. These accents were seen as “common” and “ugly”. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song “Common People” puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live like common people” they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。文章认为目前英国仍然有浓厚的阶层倾向。 1.本文共分四段,每段主旨都很清楚。 2.概要可以根据各个自然段来写。 3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。 One possible version:
Currently Britain seems to be classless in the consumer society. (要点1)However, a study shows British still have a strong sense of class which continues to be a
crucial part for them. (要点2) What remains the same is that the accent represents a person's class while people's attitudes to the accent are related to class prejudice. (要点3)Nevertheless, nowadays the young upper middle class cover up their origins with other accents. (要点4) Writing 3(2020届浙江嘉兴一模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Did you know that 60.2% of US families own dogs? That's about 50 million families. Besides being a faithful companion, these friends also provide many health benefits that can be truly life-changing for your fitness and wellness.
Most dogs need to do their business outside many times per day, so you are up and moving more often than non-pet owners. The average dog owner spends 300 minutes per week walking, compared to a non-pet owner's 168 minutes. Frequent daily exercise lowers your blood pressure and reduces your chances of suffering from heart disease.
Your physical health isn't the only thing that gets better with a companion dog. You can also improve your mental well-being. People suffering from anxiety find it helpful to have a dog on hand that's happy to provide assistance. You can find many dogs operating as emotional support animals, and helping people in stressful situations feel better. If your dog is a more active type, you could find yourself taking your friend all over the place. If you take your dog to the forest, you actually lower your tendency to suffer negative(消极的) feelings. A study discovered that the part of the brain that is most active when you deal with negative things calms down when you spend time among the trees.
The dog ownership routine allows you to build healthy habits and it also gives you the opportunity to make social connections. Dog parks are filled with people you share a common interest with, and there are plenty of people who love to give dogs a friendly pat(轻拍)during walks. All of these are opportunities to have new great friendships and other emotional connections.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文,主要说明了养狗可以使人身心健康。 1.文章第一段提出观点。
2.第二段至第四段分别就这个观点进行阐述。注意把握各段的核心词。 One possible version:
Many US families have dogs and these companion animals help improve people's health in many ways. (要点1) Taking the dog for a walk every day contributes to physical health. (要点2) Besides, dogs, which can offer people emotional support or get them close to nature, bring psychological benefits. (要点3) They also provide more chances of positive social interaction with people of the same interest. (要点4)
Writing 4(2020届浙江嘉兴期中)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most people around the world are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true throughout history. In 1977 scientists studied works of art made at various times in history. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. But what do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed along with other famous people including Brad Pitt, Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world's population may be left-handed.
Many researchers claim to have found relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics, such as blond hair, blue eyes, and sleep difficulties. Other studies have found a higher-than-normal level of left-handed people in certain occupations(职业), including professional baseball players, architects, as well as prisoners. However, some of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.
What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5-percent chance of having a left-handed child, while two left-handed parents have a 26-percent chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed.
Whatever the reasons behind it, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people
are left-handed, only six percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectly acceptable. There are even a number of shops now selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是说明文,介绍了左撇子的比例、对左撇子的研究以及人们对左撇子的态度变化。 1.本文共分四段:第一段的首句和尾句可整合成第一个要点;第二段的首句和尾句可整合成第二个要点;在第三段中提取左撇子出现的原因,作为第三个要点;将第四段的首句改写为第四个要点。
2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。 One possible version:
While most of the world's population is right-handed, a minority are left-handed. (要点1) Many researchers claim left-handedness has something to do with physical and mental features and professions, but these assumptions lack solid evidence. (要点2) Some think left-handedness is genetic while others attribute it to mild brain injury during birth. (要点3) Nowadays, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot with the whole society accepting lefties more than before.(要点4)
Writing 5(2019浙江宁波二模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact
time.
Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.
We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? Of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people.
Scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.
Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn't the only type of music that can be helpful,however. When people are sad or have suffered a sense of loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣) with the listeners. Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐对人们的益处。文章段落清楚,要点明确。写作时以自然段为基础进行概括。 One possible version:
Nowadays, with modern devices, music to your taste is easily accessible.(要点1) With its power, music might benefit you in many ways.(要点2) Scientists have
researched into the nature and extent of music's effects on humans.(要点3) Scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up.(要点4) Besides, sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful.(要点5) Writing 6(2019浙江绍兴柯桥联考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if we constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we may attract outsiders to have an advantage over us, which may ultimately result in our failure. Unity is the source of strength and people who are united have the capability to tackle any kind of situation as they share each other's burdens and hardships.
In olden days, man lived alone. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which sometimes gave opportunities to fierce animals to attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face some common danger and challenges. This is how villages got formed, which later got developed into towns and cities.
In the sports ground, be it cricket, football, baseball, basketball or any other kinds of sport, a united team and an appropriate strategy may result in the success of the team; but if there is a conflict or an unhealthy competition or unnecessary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take advantage of their shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each other in every phase of life, no outsider can harm the family.
There was once an old man who lived in a village with his three sons. The sons always fought with each other and would not pay any attention to their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he would die soon; he was very worried about the idea that once he died, people would take advantage of his sons' conflicts. He called all his sons and asked them to break a bundle of sticks, one by one. None of them could do it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick to each one of them asking them to break it, which they could very easily accomplish. He then told his sons that they should stay like the bundle of sticks so that no one can break them, but if they keep on fighting, they will be broken by the outsiders easily.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇议论文。文章认为,合作就能成功。注意把握要点,可以参考部分段落中的中心句。
One possible version:
It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.(要点1)In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with danger and challenges, thus villages formed and later developed into towns and cities.(要点2)Surely, unity has a great significance in people's lives—whether in the sports ground or in a family.(要点3)The dying man's story of sticks also shows the importance of unity.(要点4)
B组 2018—2020年模拟·提升题组
Writing 1(2020届上海华东师大第二附中开学考试)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
What Coffee Does to Your Health
Coffee can be considered one of nature's greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional clearness without harmful side effects, and it contains a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the drink is improving their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, since some believe coffee isn't good for them at all.
Well, there's the truth of the matter. Coffee, like anything else, can bring about problems if too much is consumed. In the short term, too much coffee will cause sleeping problems and high blood pressure. In the long term, too much coffee will cause stomach problems as well as teeth staining.
As for the benefits, moderate consumption of coffee, which means one to four cups a day, provides your body with a wealth of antioxidants(抗氧化物质).These substances are responsible for eliminating free radicals(自由基). They are the chemical by-products produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as something against negative elements, but if they aren't kept in control, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesn't happen.
The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be ignored either. Not only does
caffeine make you more alert, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling depressed, a nice cup of coffee could change your perspective. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isn't even a problem now.
In addition, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body's functioning. That's why coffee is often associated with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs tend to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get drunk off of alcohol. They won't be functional at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a push in creative thinking while still helping their body.
In conclusion, don't feel bad when you are making your morning cup of coffee. Unlike a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume it in moderation.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是说明文,主要说明了适量饮用咖啡对我们的健康有益。
1.本文共分六段:第一段、第二段和第六段重点介绍了喝咖啡的好与坏,可整合为第一个要点;第三段说明了抗氧化物质对人体的好处,可作为第二个要点;第四、五两个段落重点说明了咖啡因的功能,可整合为第三个要点。
2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。 One possible version:
If drunk moderately, coffee is beneficial to our health. (要点1)Drinking moderate coffee, people will get many antioxidants, which ensure free radicals are in control. (要点2)Besides, the caffeine contained in coffee makes people more alert, affects people's mood and helps stimulate creativity without hurting their health.(要点3)
Writing 2(2020届浙江名校协作体联考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of
natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But today's researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing whales and other marine animals.
Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays it's becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar.
You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators (捕食性动物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predators. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group, only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish.
Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating(调节)temperatures. As Cousteau said, “For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.”
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造的噪音对海洋动物的伤害,呼吁人们要保护海洋环境。文章结构清楚,自然段自成要点,概括时把握各段的核心词,忽略细节信息。 One possible version:
Although the underwater world is not silent, man-made sound is doing great harm to marine animals. (要点1) Important as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threaten their normal life. (要点2) According to scientists' research, the survival rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise, whether loud or not. (要点3) Thus, with the benefits of the ocean to the environment and temperature, people must protect it rather than fight it.(要点4) Writing 3(2020届浙江绿色评价联盟一模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, more and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and opening their laptops. Others may spend an entire study period with a smartphone in hand. Some people argue that the increasing use of technology can have many helpful effects on society. But recent research suggests that using technology during class time may harm college students' ability to remember and process the subject material.
Arnold Glass, a professor in Rutgers University in New Jersey, and a student researcher investigated the issue of divided student attention. The study involved 118 Rutgers students who were taking the same level college class. The students were permitted to use any electronic device during half of their daily class periods. During the other half, no one was allowed to use any technology.
The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use of technology. However, the average results of the larger tests and final exam showed that all the students performed poorly when they were permitted to use technology in the classroom. Glass argues that it shows the use of electronic devices in the classroom prevents students from processing information. When the students hear what the professor is saying, they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time. And that, Glass says, makes it harder for the information to enter their long-term memory. Even though the students know what the professor said at that time, they no longer remember it a week later because they missed the opportunity.
However, Lauren Margulieux, an assistant professor at Georgia State University in Atlanta argues that there are times when classroom use of technology is unavoidable. So, he says, educators need to consider that something other than technology is distracting students.
In fact, a special software program has been created. Students can use the program, which engages students more with the class material on their personal devices during a given class. It can also be used to observe student activity and prevent them from opening unrelated pages and programs.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。文章就在课堂上使用电子设备是否会妨碍大学生记忆和处理信息给出了两种观点。
1.文章第一段的尾句可改写为第一个要点;第二段和第三段给出了实验过程和结果,可作为支撑信息整合为第二个要点;第四段给出了另外一种观点,可整合为第三个要点;第五段介绍了一种帮助学生集中注意力的软件,可整合为第四个要点。
2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。 One possible version:
Recent research shows using technology in class may prevent college students from remembering and processing information well.(要点1)The research, which involved 118 students participating found that in the long run the students' performances were poor when using technology because they were distracted.(要点2) But another researcher thinks something else except technology is to blame for distracting students.(要点3)Fortunately, a special software program has been made to keep students focused. (要点4) Writing 4(2020届浙江东阳质检)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years, however, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor market outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceration (监禁) rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.
Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of “quality control” for high school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready. The other is that it has predictable value for future success in academic situations.But there is little evidence. The tests don't exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, college readiness are not determined. Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking, and empathy (同情), are not measured, either. Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they don't offer reliable data.
Thus, more and more people are suggesting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken, activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是说明文,介绍了美国很多州取消了高中毕业考试的情况。文章在第一段提出了话题,第二段和第三段指出了其问题,第四段做出总结。
One possible version:
High school exit tests have been cancelled by many states in America in recent years.(要点1)This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students and bring many harmful social consequences. (要点2)What's more, instead of ensuring college readiness and academic success,they actually don't measure what should be measured. (要点3)Therefore,exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas. (要点4) Writing 5(2019浙江杭州模拟)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Workaholics live for their work, often spending many extra hours at work, and often taking work home to complete it. It's fine to live in a work-hard culture, but when work becomes the only reason for a person's existence above more important things (such as family and friends), the issue becomes critical. That's the problem more and more Americans are faced with.
Americans are working more hours per week than in years past, and with many companies reducing employees, more and more workers are worried about their own jobs. Some studies show that as many as 40 percent of American workers don't even bother to take vacations, partly because of fears that they may not have a job to come back to if they do. Besides, it is obvious that part of the matter is financial. More and more people begin to define success in terms of financial measures. The higher one's income is, the more respect one gets. Finally, people nowadays live and work in a connected environment—e-mails, instant messaging, fax machines, and cellphones—making it hard for them to truly get time away from their work, even when they are on holiday.
When work becomes the only thing people think about and the only thing that truly makes people happy, many Americans find that they are no longer close to their kids. The divorce rate jumps and serious stress-related health problems come up. Undoubtedly, it is time to do something.
To reduce workaholism, you must stay away from work once in a while. There are many ways to do that: spend time with family and friends; call home often to stay connected; learn to say no to new assignments; consider exercises to get your body back to a healthy shape; fight the urge that everything you do must be perfect. It will take some effort, but for yourself and those you love, you really should make the effort. Have a try and you won't regret it.
答案
[写作提示]
1.本文是说明文,文章的核心词是“workaholics(工作狂)”,概要时要以此为中心。
2.各段基本自成要点,概要以自然段为基础。 3.注意各要点之间的有效连接。 One possible version:
An increasing number of Americans are becoming workaholics.(要点1) They work extra hours to maintain their jobs and become financially successful. Even on holiday, modern communication technologies always connect them to work.(要点2)Consequently, it damages their families as well as their health. Luckily, there is a lot one can do to prevent it from getting worse, which may take some effort, but it's worthwhile to have a try.(要点3)
Writing 6(2019浙江“七彩阳光”联盟二模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
“Stop the world. I want to get off!” This popular expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, which makes people want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. Stress is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory(呼吸的) system. It can lead to asthma and cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomachaches and problems of digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks and feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the
emotions. Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on people's health, feelings, and minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇议论文。首先,文章叙述了压力是现代生活中健康问题最常见的原因之一。太多的压力会导致身体、情绪和精神健康问题。压力有许多生理上的影响。长期的压力会导致各种严重的精神疾病。压力对我们的健康、感情和思想都有很大的影响。所以,减少压力:停下来休息一会儿。文章结构清楚,概括要点时以自然段为基础。 One possible version:
Nowadays, many people suffer great stress which contributes to many health problems.(要点1) Primarily,too much stress destroys the well-being of their bodies, causing problems of their heart, respiratory system and stomach.(要点2) Emotionally, with stress people may feel anxious and can't control their temper.(要点3) What's worse, mental diseases like depression owe to untreated stress.(要点4) Therefore, only by reducing stress can people keep themselves physically, emotionally and mentally healthy.(要点5)
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