研究生课程考试试题试卷一

2009 ～2010 学年第 1 学期

课程编号： 50820891 课程名称： 综合英语

年 级： 09 开课单位：外语 命题教师： 考核方式： 考试时间： 150 分钟 共 页

GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST

FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS

考试注意事项：

感谢同学们在新年假期中参加考试，也感谢老师们在新年假期中参加监考，大家辛苦了。 1） 考试时间：8：30---11：00

2） 学生请不要在课桌内及身上携带任何书、本、纸片、电子文具、字典、手机，一经发现，

即视为作弊。书包，大衣请放到教室统一位置。

3） 学生按英语小班坐位，收卷按英语小班收卷。答题卡左上角请注明英语班级。 4） 调频台频率为FM 86.5

5） 收卷时分别按试卷一，试卷二，答题卡，收齐后，送交主楼C 703

6） 考生在答题卡的学生代号栏中填上完整的学生证号，且左对齐，剩余空格不填。

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (14 points) Section A (0.5 point each)

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said.

The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. A. Nancy shouldn't be too busy.

B. Nancy should take a break from her work. C. Nancy must be under great pressure. D. Nancy must feel depressed. 2. A. After class. B. The next day. C. Tonight.

D. When the woman gets to the bus stop. 3. A. Because her grandmother was ill.

B. Because it was too late for her to go to the party. C. Because she went to her grandmother's party. D. Because she went to visit her doctor.

4. A. She expected to have a better time with Sammy. B. She didn't get along well with Sammy.

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C. She was very happy together with Sammy. D. She wouldn't go out with Sammy again. 5. A. His wife is waiting for him at home. B. His wife is angry today. C. His wife is not home today. D. His wife is sick today.

6. A. The man can make a random decision. B. The man should decide later. C. The man should forget about it.

D. The man doesn't have to be so serious. 7. A. He has won a big lottery.

B. He has passed an oral examination. C. He is going to get his driving license. D. He has been relieved from a big burden. 8. A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. D. 25 dollars'

Section B (1 point each)

Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each

question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Mini-talk one

9. A. Because she likes old programs on TV. B. Because she was very bored.

C. Because she had missed the program earlier. D. Because she doesn't like outdoor activities. 10. A. Because she doesn't feel like going out today. B. Because she is very busy today.

C. Because she has to meet her parents for dinner today. D. Because she doesn't like the man. 11. A. To go to a live outdoor concert. B. To have a picnic for lunch.

C. To check out activities by the river. D. To go fishing in the river. Mini-talk Two

12. A. Because the small diamonds in the old setting are of different color. B. Because the setting has been damaged.

C. Because they want people to see it in its natural beauty. D. Because the style of the setting is too old. 13. A. In India. B In France

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C. In England. D. In the U.S.. 14. A. Over 100 carats. B. 67 carats. C. 60 carats. D. 45 carats.

Section C (0.5 point each) (此题抄在试卷二上)

Directions: Now you will hear an introduction about a new trend in American primary education. The passage will be read twice. Fill in the missing words to complete the following passage.

All the children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. Children who are educated at home are ___(1)___. There are 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct ___(2)___ values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. ___(3)___, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than ___(4)___ tests in reading and math.

David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very ___(5)___ from children in school. Learning starts with the children’s interests and questions. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow__ (6)__, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about ___(7)___ and the space program.

Home schooling is often more interesting than ___(8)___ schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are ___(9)___ who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. Critics also say that most parents are not ___(10)___ to teach their children. However, most parents don’t have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.

PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)

Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark

the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

15. Those prisoners at concentration camps were exhausted from a chronic lack of food. A. recent B. acute C. constant D. severe 16. A winner achieves his goal without hurting others or compromising his beliefs and convictions.

A. changing B. endangering C. submitting D. composing 17. Failure is the direct result of poor self-esteem and the anticipation of failure. A. elimination B. designation C. elevation D. expectation 18. The government's full public disclosure of the decision only swelled the chorus of protests. A. checked B. diminished C. intensified D. retrieved 19. Their house was in close proximity to ours, so we became intimate friends in time. 3

A. vicinity B, contact C. relation D. community 20. Residents in big cities in China tend to dispose of some old furniture when moving. A. get possession of B. get rid of C. hold on to D. keep track of 21. This is a love that sprang up from friendship and blossomed into marriage. A. diverged B. separated C. distinguished D. originated 22. Because they are so good, so smart, they stand out like beacons in the sea of mediocrity. A. watch tower B. guidance C. flare D. elite

23. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. A. useful B. spiteful C. harmless D. cheerful

24. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. A. got on B. charged C. offered jobs D. provided welfare

Section B (0.5 point each)

Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.

Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 25. I often wonder why some people won't do what it____________ to be successful.

A. involves B. means C. takes D. likes

26. The short story about the missing personnel during the civil war was adapted into a(n) _________________ movie.

A. winning-award B. award-winning C. won-award D. award-won 27. A person can explain his professional goals___________ position, prestige or income. A. in terms of B. in case of C. in view of D. in honor of

28. Fear is the most destructive force in the world, for it __________ motivation and creativity.

A. clutches B. cripples C. compels D. conceives 29. There is some reason for not giving up my career and __________ a different one.

A. taking in B. bringing about C. arising from D. embarking on 30. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library. A. manipulate B. accommodate C. illuminate D. obligate

31. ______ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch.

A. Dinner B. Brunch C. Banquet D. Feast 32. The military government declared its intention of ______ all political activity.

A. splitting suddenly B. blowing up C. breaking up D. cracking down on 33. The depression that started in mid-1929 was a catastrophe of ______dimensions for the United States.

A. unprecedented B. notable C. remarkable D. unduplicated 34. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ______ revenue by limiting commerce.

A. disregard B. challenge C. diminish D. reject

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PART III READING COMPREHENSION （Section A ） (10 points, 1 point each)

Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your

machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage One

From the goose that laid the golden egg to the race between the tortoise and the hare, Aesop's fables are known for teaching moral lessons rather than literally being true. But a new study says at least one such tale might really have happened.

It's the fable about a thirsty crow. The bird comes across a jar with the water level too low for him to reach. The crow raises the water level by dropping stones into the jar. The moral tells: Little by little does the trick, or in other retellings, necessity is the mother of invention. Now, scientists report that some relatives of crows called rooks used the same

stone-dropping strategy to get at a floating worm. Results of experiments with three birds were published online by the journal Current Biology.

Rooks, like crows, had already been shown to use tools in previous experiments. Christopher Bird of Cambridge University and a colleague exposed the rooks to a 6-inch-tall clear plastic tube containing water, with a worm on its surface. The birds used the stone-dropping trick spontaneously and appeared to estimate how many stones they would need. They learned quickly that larger stones work better.

In an accompanying commentary, Alex Taylor and Russell Gray of the University of

Auckland in New Zealand noted that in an earlier experiment, the same birds had dropped a single stone into a tube to get food released at the bottom. So maybe they were just following that strategy again when they saw the tube in the new experiment, the scientists suggested. But Bird's paper argued there's more to it: The rooks dropped multiple stones rather than just one before reaching for the worm, and they reached for it at the top of the tube rather than trying to reach the food at the bottom.

The researchers also said Aesop's crow might have actually been a rook, since both kinds of birds were called crows in the past.

35. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Animals are smarter than we have expected. B. Aesop's fables tell real morals.

C. Necessity is the mother of invention. D. Some of Aesop's fables may be true.

36. Aesop's fables have been popular for such a long time because they A. tell us the truth of nature

B. tell us interesting stories of animals C. are teachings of life D. are scientific literature

37. In the experiments, in order to eat the worm floating on the water surface, the rooks

___________

A. found a way to raise the water level B. broke the tube with larger stones

C. counted how many stones- they would need

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D. cooperated peacefully

38. According to Alex Taylor and Russell Gray, it seems that rooks ______ A. tend to follow the others' strategy B. can remember their former strategy

C. can change strategy in different situations D. seldom use the same strategy in experiments

39. The word \"spontaneously\" (Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to\"___________ \". A. surely B. naturally C. voluntarily D. quickly Passage Two

Too much eating. Too many unhealthy foods. Too many advertisements for food, Too little activity.

Different explanations are offered for America's weight problem-- a problem increasingly shared by other countries. Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight. Schools have been Urged to increase physical education, an important tool for public health. And many have. Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in physical education class. Injuries increased 150% between 1997 and 2007.

The study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments. Only 2% were serious. The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase, but they have some theories.

Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied. For example, a 2004 study showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines. Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital.

Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education. This \"New P.E.\" expands the kinds of sports that are taught. But activities that some schools offer now, like rock climbing walls and skateboarding, can also expand the risks, says Cheryl Richardson. She is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Also, she says not all states require P.E. teachers to be specially trained. Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions.

Cheryl Richardson also points to one of the study's findings -- that injuries are often the result of contact with a person or a structure. This tells her that the teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely.

Six activities produced 70% of all injuries: running, basketball, football, volleyball, soccer and gymnastics.

The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries. Larger classes can mean less supervision. The National Association for Sport and Physical Education says 20 to 30 students in a P.E. class should be the limit. 40. Overweight problem is _________ .

A. not common outside the United States of America B. also a headache in other countries

C. caused by too many advertisements for food D. neglected in many countries

41. The increase of physical education ____________ .

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A. has reduced the number of overweight children B. is the major cause of injuries of children in the U.S. C. has more disadvantages than advantages D. has caused more injuries in school .

42. It is implied in Lara McKenzie's study that ___________ . A. in the past some injuries were treated in school B. school nurses are now more irresponsible

C. students don't have enough space to move around in school D. schools lack funds in hiring school nurses

43. Which of the following is NOT included in the reasons for more injuries? A. More dangerous activities.

B. Fewer specially trained teachers. C. Less supervision. D. More unhealthy food.

44. Which of the following activities has caused more injuries? A. Rock climbing. B. Skateboarding. C. Soccer. D. Swimming. (45, 46 两题空出)

PART IV BLANK FILLING (0.5 point each)

Directions : Fill in each blank by choosing a proper word or phrase from the box given below. Each word or phrase must be used only ONCE. Change the forms where necessary. A, overwhelm B, pensive C, ventilate D, derivative E, stand F, vulnerability G, hysteria H, streamline I, odds-on J, be suspicious of K, incongruous L, cutting M, edge N, culminate O, thumb through 47. The cover art accurately reflects the content, which is often ______, delicate and private. 48. His victims are ______ women whom he can control.

49. Their many years of research have finally ______ in a cure for the disease.

50. Can’t we ______ this agreement so that it doesn’t take so long to get the work back from the printers?

51. I ______ that woman – I think she may have stolen something from our shop. 52. He was dressed in a three-piece suit with an ______ tie shaped like a fish. 53. Both parents grew ______ when they couldn’t fins the child.

54. Settlement houses and settlement house workers were at the ______ of social change.

55. Before the popularization of computers, it would take a small army of clerks years to ______ the file looking for a print that matched up.

56. The balance of payment surplus ______ at $5 million a year when barriers across the world have been lowered.

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PART III READING COMPREHENSION （Section B ） (15 points, 1 point each) Passage Three

The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.

Movement produces kinetic energy (动能), which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person's full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.

Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle cuff, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person's workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility's power needs.

That's the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines like stationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym's needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. \"By being extremely

energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we'll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,\" says the gym's owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren't the first to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.

Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam's new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers' steps. For now, it's just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.

57. Using human body energy as power supplies _________ . A. requires us to be strong B. is a great new idea C. proves to be difficult D. is increasingly popular

58. Paragraph 3 mainly describes ___________ .

A. the contribution of body energy to power needs B. the theory behind the use of body energy

C. the different ways of putting body energy to work D. the latest device turning body energy into power

59. It can be learned that the Green Microgym ___________ .

A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricity B. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energy

C. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energy D. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world

60. What is the author's most likely comment on the application of body energy? A. It is unrealistic at present.

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B. It has a promising future. C. Its effect is still unknown. D. It depends on the energy cost. 61. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Regular physical exercise can produce additional benefits. B. The human body can be the source of alternative energy.

C. Innovations using body energy may solve the energy problem.

D. We are working hard to bring the human potential into full play. Passage Four

Severe climate change was the main driver behind the birth of civilization, a scientist said yesterday. An increase in harsh, arid conditions across the globe around 5,000 years ago forced people to start living in stable communities around remaining water sources. \"We can certainly say that the earliest civilisations arose on the backdrop of increasing dryness, which are driven by natural, global-scale changes in climate,\" said Nick Brooks of the University of East Anglia. \"The cultural transitions track changes in environmental conditions quite closely.\"

Dr. Brooks said his research turned traditional ideas of how the word's first civilizations started - such as those in Egypt, China, the Indus Valley region and South America- on their head. Many anthropologists think that civilisation was spread gradually among populations after it began in some part of the world. \"A current popular theory is that the world's first civilization developed because it could; the environment was relatively friendly,\" said Dr. Brooks. \"This is based on the argument of the last 10,000 years being climatically very stable and quite conducive to flourishing of agriculture and large, urban civilisations.\"

But Dr. Brooks argued that civilisation arose instead from environmental calamities. His work is focused on the Sahara region, where he says the cultural history shows that, around 5-10,000 years ago, the humid areas there abruptly changed into the Sahara desert we see today. The Garamantian tribe, which lived in what is now south-west Libya more than 3,000 years ago, emerged when the land there dried out. \"After this period, we see the first stone structures, the beginnings of urbanisation, agriculture and the development of novel technologies to access ground water, such as wells,\" said Dr. Brooks. \"What we see here is the story of people responding to the environmental change with the drying up of the region. That leads to the emergence of the Garamantian state.\"

He added that the story was similar in the other cradles of civilisation around the world. Without the driving force of climate change, human societies might have evolved far more slowly, said Dr. Brooks. \"Maybe we would have remained village farmers and herders, hunter-gatherers and so on,\" he said. \"Perhaps you'd have a less population-dense kind of civilisation.\" 62. According to Nick Brooks, ____________ .

A. differences in civilizations are the result of differences in climate conditions B the emergence of civilizations is closely related to climate change C. the development of civilizations has caused the world climate change D. similar civilizations have appeared despite various climate conditions

63. The phrase \"turn ... on their head\" (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ________ . A. confirm B. extend C. challenge D. supplement 64. The traditional theory argues that the rise of civilizations _________ . A. benefited from a stable and good environment

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B. was meant to improve the living environment C. had little to do with the environment D. was the result of environmental change

65. The Garamantian tribe is mentioned to show ___________ .

A. the relations between human activities and the emergence of deserts B. the human creativity in fighting unfavorable environment conditions

C. the importance of water resources at the beginning of human civilizations D. the effect of environmental changes on the development of human society 66. The purpose of the passage is to ____________ .

A. analyze how climate change affects civilization levels B. question the link between climates and civilizations C. introduce a latest study on the rise of civilizations D. discuss how civilizations spread throughout the world Passage Five

Before the arrival of the internet, computer files were exchanged via storage media such as floppy disks (.软盘) which were sent by post or delivered by foot, bike, car or train. After the appearance of the internet, a term was invented for such exchange of information: the sneakernet. Now that the internet is established, and our connections have become faster, the sneakernet sounds outmoded. Nevertheless, the opposite is true when larger files are considered. Because storage media evolve much faster than internet connections, it becomes ever more interesting to choose the route of physical transport over the internet.

One of the routes is via carder pigeon(信鸽). This may sound ridiculous (and it has been a popular joke for many years), but thanks to shrinking storage media, the speed and capacity of the pigeon internet promises to become quite amazing.

A well trained contemporary carrier pigeon can maintain a speed of 50 kilometres an hour over a distance of 600 kilometres, and carry a weight of 1 gram. One gram does not seem to be much, but this weight can already contain quite some data. For instance, the Transcend Micro SD card weighing 1 gram has a capacity of 2 gigabytes.

Compared to a fibre connection, the pigeon has to surrender quite fast. This internet

connection only needs 2.6 minutes to send 2 gigabytes. A carrier pigeon only flies 2 kilometres far in that time. A carder pigeon is thus faster than a fibre connection when the distance is shorter than 2 kilometres. A broadband connection needs 4 hours to send 2 gigabytes, while the pigeon can reach a distance of 200 kilometres in 4 hours. This means that sending 2 gigabytes of information from Amsterdam to Brussels goes faster by carder pigeon than by a broadband connection. A dial-up connection needs 3.3 days to send 2 gigabytes, so in that case, the pigeon (flying 600 km per day) is faster than the internet up to a distance of about 2,000 kilometres. The bandwidth of a carrier pigeon increases faster than the bandwidth of the internet. Ten years in the future, a pigeon will be able to carry 2 terabytes (around 2,000 gigabytes). Our fibre connection will need 8.5 minutes for sending that amount of data. The carder pigeon is then faster than a fibre connection if the distance is less than 7 kilometres - compared to 2 kilometres today. 67. The term \"sneakernet\" is probably more related to __________ . A. storing larger computer files B. the fast speed of the internet

C. sending digital data on the internet

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D. traditional ways of sharing digital files

68. According to the author, sending digital data via carrier pigeon _________ . A. is easier said than done B. should be taken seriously C. has been debated for years D. can be dismissed as a joke

69. For a distance of 500km, the second fastest way of sending 2 gigabytes is by ________ . A. dial-up connection B. a carder pigeon C. fibre D. broadband 70. The author believes that in the future a carder pigeon _________ . A. can fly faster to exchange digital information B. can better perform the task of sending digital data C. will be widely used to exchange digital information D. will become an outmoded means of sending digital data 71. What is the author's tone in writing the passage?

A. Ironic. B. Joking. C. Objective.

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D. Passionate.