2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)

第一篇 What We Take from and Give to the Sea

As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.

We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. We even use their bones for fertilizer. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一 even candy, and ice cream — aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. Some of its contents may cause illness. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.

The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.

We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.

第二篇 Teamwork in Tourism

Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.

Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.

Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.

Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.

The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.

第三篇 The Value of Tears

Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears. These create a film over the eye's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.

Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons. \".People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.” Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attacksthan people cry more freely.

When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed covers

or in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.

In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good to hold backtears during a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the whole

situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the.stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the problem.”

Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.

第四篇 The First Four Minutes

When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact： The first four minutes\" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships： “Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”

You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.

When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”

On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.

Hearing such advice, one might say, \"But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”

In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”

But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, \"total honesty\" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.

Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.

The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.

第五篇 Financial Risks

Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ； the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.

Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.

Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.

Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.

补全短文译文

译文： 第一篇 论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的 自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予。

我们从海里捕鱼——为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨 头也被用来做化肥。我们从海里获得物。制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水 分蒸发。除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。海洋赐予我们的礼物

还有珍珠丨海绵和海 草。珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、 冰淇淋以及药品。不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐予我们的礼物。海水不能饮用，其中有些物 质会致病。但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中 取来的淡水。

海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢？ 垃圾。我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒 进去的水。把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们 也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。

我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。只希望这个认识还不算太迟。

译文： 第二篇 旅游业中的团队合作

不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。机构、贸易与旅游协会、运 输公司和房地产公司都一齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。 旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公 司的服务。他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。他们把材料分发给 旅行社。这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。

旅游顾问举办各种重要的研讨会以便使旅行社代理人熟悉新的方案和技巧。通过这种方式,代理人学会了怎样对旅行目的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车的购买。 房地产公司与旅行社之间密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和 他们自己的财政方面的安排。旅行社依靠旅馆提供良好的服务，反过来，旅馆依靠旅行社来完成 合同，招揽顾客。

在旅行社与运输公司（包括汽车出租和观光服务)之间也存在着同种程度的信任。运输公司依靠旅行社来提供乘客，而旅行社依靠运输公司提供受游客欢迎的旅行活动。所有服务机构都以提高效率、价格公平及使顾客满意为宗旨。

参考译文：第三篇 眼泪的价值

泪水可以破坏妆容，使对话停止，让鼻子流涕。眼泪会让你陷入尴尬、无力的境地。 但是，哭的确是生活的事实，眼泪也有很多用处。即使当你不哭的时候，你的眼睛也会产生泪水。这些泪水在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。这个薄膜包含一种物质，可以保护你的眼睛免受感染。

泪水可以缓解压力，但是人们为了各种原因不愿意流泪。人们担心会流露情感。 他们担心一旦失控，就再也收不回来了。心理学家Dorothy Rowe解释道。我们还是孩子的时候，就常常会因为流泪或表达恐惧而受到惩罚。成年后，我们仍然担心流露情感的后果。 几乎任何情感——好的或者坏的，高兴的或者悲伤的——都能导致流泪。哭是我们释

放日益强烈的情感的一种方式。当你感觉某种强烈的情感导致你要爆发时，眼泪就可以帮助你了。它可以解释为什么害怕哭的人比自愿哭的人更容易得心脏病。

但是，当有些人感到压力大时，他们却哭不出来。他们可能会感到惊恐、愤怒、担心或者悲伤，但是他们压抑情感。

“每个人都有哭的需要”，心理治疗师Vera Diamond说。有时在治疗阶段，患者会参与到哭的练习中。他们练习哭是为了能习惯表达情感。Dismond说最好是在安全、私人的地方哭，像床罩下面或者车里。这是因为许多人对于其他人在他们面前哭都会感到不舒服。事实上，他们可能是在压抑他们自己哭的需要。

在特定的场景下，比如在工作时，流泪就不合适了。

在进行紧张的商业讨论时抑制住泪水是比较好的。“但是一旦你在门后是安全的，就不要只是哭泣”，Diamond说道。她建议，你可以让整个场景重现，并且尽你所愿地吵闹、生气。 这会让你感觉更好。“并且”，她补充道，“一旦你的眼泪把你的压力释放出来，你就能开始考虑用合理的方法去解决问题。

”流泪是我们有感知能力的表现。你永远不应该害怕哭泣。

译文：第四篇 最初四分钟

人们什么时候决定他们是否愿意成为朋友？按列奥纳多·祖尼博士的书中所说是在他们相处 的最初四分钟。在他的书《接触：最初四分钟》里，他向所有对开始新的友谊感兴趣的人们提出 了这样的建议：“每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。许多人如果这样做了的话，他们的生活就会完全不同。” 你可能已经注意到了，一般人都不会全神贯注地注意一个他刚认识的人。他不停地往其他 人身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更趣的人似的。如果有人对你这样，你大概不会很喜欢他。

作者建议，当我们被介绍给新认识的人时，我们应该尽力显得友好和自信。一般讲，他说：“人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。”

另一方面我们不能让别人觉得我们太自以为是。表现出感兴趣、有同情心，能意识到别人有他们自己的需要、担心和希望是很重要的。

听到这样的建议，有人或许会说：“但是我不是一个友好的、自信的人。那不是我的天性。我如果那样做将是不诚实的。” ’ 作为回答，祖尼博士说只要我们稍加练习就可以帮助我们改变社交习惯。对我们选择的个 性上的改变我们会慢慢习惯。“这就像适应一辆新车。 一开始会觉得陌生，但它比旧车好开。”

但是当我们不觉得友好且自信的时候却给人那样的表象，这是诚实吗？可能是，但是祖尼博士认为在社会关系上“绝对的诚实”并非总是好的，尤其是在接触的最初四分钟里。任何事情都有时间。在和陌生人接触的头几分钟，适当演一点儿戏是最合适不过的了。那种时候不适于 抱怨健康状况或谈论别人的缺点，也不适于全盘托出某人的观点和印象。 以上有关陌生人的建议有很多也适合于家庭成员和朋友间的关系。对于丈夫和妻子或父母与 孩子来说，久别重逢的前几分钟最容易出问题。祖尼博士建议认真对待离别重逢的最初四分钟。 如果有不愉快的事情需要讨论，也应该稍后再说。 作者说每个学校都应该把人与人之间的关系作为必修课，和阅读、写作、数学等一起上。他 认为一生中的成功主要看我们如何与别人相处。至少这和我们拥有的知识一样重要。

译文： 第五篇 金融风险

国际金融市场的风险存在几种类型，主要是商业风险、政治风险和外汇风险。

商业风险事实上是日常商务活动中一般的信用风险。包括偿债能力、违约和拒绝付款。然而 竞争才是最主要的风险，需要持续有效的管理和营销才能在竞争中立足。国际市场的二个独特的 风险是金融调节方面的风险。这种风险产生于有关货物质量、合同条款及货款不兑现方面引起的 争执。例如，有一家公司将几百吨脱水土豆运给德国一家批发商，这^^批发商经过检验认为这些 土豆的味道和质地不合标准。对于出口商这方来说,可以降低价格、另寻买主或将土豆运回国内， 两者均需要付出相当大的代价。

政治风险与战争、变革、货币的不可兑换性、土地征用、驱逐出境、进口许可的或取消 有关。政治风险是所有商务活动都需要考虑的环境因素。是通过信息管理系统和有效的决策程序 防范政治风险的最好办法。许多公司都发现，有时政治风险是不可避免的，所以商家必须心中有 数或是放弃某些市场的交易o 汇率不稳定也必然会产生不利影响。但多年来，大多数公司都能采取预防性措施将这种不利 影响降到最低限度。世界主要货币的浮动汇率制迫使所有商家尤为关注汇率的波动，并意识到需 要调整金融计划来作补偿。例如，国际商用机器公司曾报道1981年第三季度的收益额因为汇率变 动而急剧下降了 21.6%。实行浮动汇率制以前，主要货币的贬值并不常见，而且通常可以预测得 到。但是在浮动汇率制度下，汇率的波动是很常见的。