8. Last weekend, we took a tour by coach to the Summer Palace, and went for a long walk around the lake.【take a tour旅行；by coach乘客车；the Summer Palace 颐和园；go for a long walk去散步】 9. **We’d better get back to work. 但现在，我们最好回去学习。’d better是had better的缩略形式，had better意为“最好”，后跟动词原形。用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better的否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面。You’d better not play football every day.】 10. **at the end of 在…末/尽头(一般过去式或一般将来时)区别by the end of 到…为止 (过去完成时或将来完成时)。 --by the end到/在最后，表示到那时候，常常可以根据语境、时态看出。by the end of…后一般跟完成时态。 E.g. By the end of last month, I had learned 200 English words. --in the end在最后，一般表示结果，强调的就是结果。E.g. I was saved in the end.。 --finally指一系列事物或论点的顺序，用来引出最后一项内容。finally既可指时间位置（相当于at last和in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序。E.g. Finally, I’d like to thank you all for your coming.（不能用at last） --at the end of用于表示在时间或地点的尽头。E.g. The school is situated at the end of the street. We'll have an exam in English at the end of January. --on the end of表示在某个物品的端头，如说在桌子的另一端头。 11. There’s nothing to worry about as long as you work hard. 只要你努力学习，没什么好担心的。【as long as意为“只要”，与so long as同义，用于引导条件状语从句。As long as you need me, I’ll stay. as long as还可以意为“与…一样长久”，在否定句中，也可说成(not)so long as. He didn’t stay there as/so long as sth.】 12. And after the exam, there’s the school-leavers’ party.考试过后，有毕业典礼。【school-leaver毕业生**注意：用连字符作定语，以及名词所有格“’s”。】 13. We’re all looking forward to it!我们都期盼着它！【look forward to 意为“期待，盼望”，其中to是介词，其后跟名词、代词或ving做宾语，不跟动词原形。】 14. When do you think the conversation takes place?你认为对话发生在什么时候？【do you think为插入语，在考虑句子结构时，插入语可忽略。】 15. According to Lingling, why is travel so difficult in winter?据玲玲说，在冬季旅行为什么如此困难？【according to意为“根据，按照”。According to the weather report, we shall have cold weather next week.】 16. fly direct = go without stopping at a place去没有停在一个地方【without介词，意为“没有；不用”，反义词是with. without之后出现动词时要用其动名词形式。She entered the room without knocking.】 17. **manage动词，意为“经营；应付；管理”。常用短语：manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。She managed to make herself understood in English. 她努力用英语表达自己的意思。 1) manage后接名词或动词不定式作宾语，不接动名词。manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意， 指“（经过努力和克服困难之后）将某事坐成”，即经过努力达到了目的，重点在于结果。He managed to finish the work on time. 2) try后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语。其后接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”强调尽力做某事（但不一定成功）；后接动名词时，表示“试着做某事”。She will try to learn English. We shall try using another method. Unit 2 18. say goodbye to each other相互道别 19. take care.此处意为“保重”，为道别时的用语。还意为“注意；当心”。 20. I’ll miss them.【拓展：miss sth.或miss doing sth.错过做某事，没能做某事】 21. You’ve taken the wrong seat.你坐错了座位。 22. Oh, I see the problem.哦，我看出问题了。 23. That’s very good of you 你太好了。 24. Li Lin goes past people standing in the train to Car 9.【现在分词短语standing in the train作后置定语，修饰前面的名词people。现在分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语；也可以放在被修饰的名词之后，成为后置定语。Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要制造太多噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。I know a person working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。】 25. He is surprised to see Li Lin. 看到李林他非常惊讶。【surprised形容词，意为“感到惊讶的，出人意料的”。 be surprised 后接从句或不定式。be surprised at意为“对…感到惊讶”。】 surprised 形容词 在句中多作表语，其后常接动词不定式或从句，主语一般是人 I was surprised at your words. 2
surprising surprise 形容词 意为“令人吃惊的”，在句中多作定语，后接名词，He told me some surprising news. 也可作表语，主语一般是物 名词 动词 意为“使（某人）惊奇或吃惊” 意为“惊奇；意外” To their surprise, the boy won. The bad news didn’t surprise them. 26. It’s great to see you. 此句结构是“It is+形容词+to do sth.‖,意为“做某事是…的”。动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在动词不定式前加一个for/of引起的短语，作动词不定式的逻辑主语。 for sb.：常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, important。 of sb.：一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 **简单一句话说就是：说人的用of sb.说事的用for sb.。 27. **And so am I !我也是！【so am I是倒装句。“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”这一倒装结构用来表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于后者，意为“…也一样”。He is tall. So am I. Lucy likes to listen to music. So do I. 1) 当后者和前者都表达否定的观点时，用“either/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构，意为“…也不”。Tom never goes to concerts, and neither does his wife. 2) ―so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词‖用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的/对/的确如此‖。 -It was very cold yesterday. - So it was. 28. Now, take off your jacket. Sit down and make yourself comfortable.【take off意为“脱掉；起飞；模仿；突然成功”。 make用作及物动词，意为“使；让”，在主动语态中其后要跟不带to的动词不定式宾语补足语，而在被动语态中，to不能省去。Don’t make the baby cry anymore. She was made to wait for over an hour.】 29. Because he is too tired to move. 1) too…to…结构可用enough to…句式改写。enough前的形容词或副词须是too后面形容词或副词的反义词；enough to…句式须用否定句。 She is too young to do the work.-She isn’t old enough to do the work. 2) too…to…结构可用so…that…句式改写。so…that…结构是复合句，so后接形容词或副词，that后接从句，且要用否定形式。She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can’t go to school. 30. When Li Lin gets on the train, he sees an elderly man sitting in his seat.当李林上了火车时，他看到一位老人坐在他的V12座位上。【**see +宾语+v/ving/done】 see sb. doing sth. see sb. do sth. 看见某人正在做某事 看见某人做了某事 强调动作正在进行 强调看见动作的全过程 I saw him repairing his bike. I saw him repair his bike. 31. Li Lin kindly offers to change seats with the elderly man, and goes to Car 9.李林友好地主动与老人换座，去了9车厢。【**offer动词，意为“（主动）提出（愿意做某事）”。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。The kids offered to do the dishes after supper. 1) offer sth.提出…，提供… Johnson offered a new suggestion. 约翰逊提出了一个新建议。 2) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物 They decided to offer the job to Mike. = They decided to offer Mike the job. 3) offer也可作名词，意为“主动提议， 建议”。You ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议。】 Unit 3 32. Make sure you get to the airport in time for your plane.确保你几时到达机场赶上你的航班。【make sure + of/that。in time及时；on time准时】 33. Please take your seat.请就座。 34. **Sam went with Jane to railway station to see her off.【see sb. off送行= send off】 35. Please have your tickets ready.请准备好你们的票。 36. They cannot arrive there on time because of the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，他们不能按时到达那里。 37. Everyone in China is looking forward to seeing their family members during the Spring Festival.春节期间，在中国人人都盼望看到他们的家人。 38. The journey was full of exciting experiences.旅行充满了令人兴奋的经历。 39. You will be safe as long as you drive carefully.只要你小心驾驶，你将会是安全的。 40. For twenty-seven years, passengers travelled across the Atlantic Ocean on this plane. 1) across介词，表示动作是在物体的表面上或沿着某一条线的方向进行的， 从一端到另一端， 如过河、过桥、过马路等。Go across the bridge, and you’ll find the park. 3
2) through介词，表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，动作是在立体空间进行，常指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。 The river runs through the city. 3) cross动词，意为“穿过，横过‖，相当于go across. The old man is crossing the road. 41. It flew faster than the speed at which the earth goes around. 句式分析步骤： 先将定语从句还原成两个简单句子为：①It flew faster than the speed. ②The earth goes around at the speed.、 然后合并两个简单句子为：It flew faster than the speed which the earth goes around at. 最后将介词at放置于先行词和引导词之间，就是原文的句子了。 42. However, the plane had many problems. however but 副词 连词 可位于句首、句末或句中 用逗号与句子隔开 位于句首或句中 后面连接一个句子时无需用逗号 43. be bad for对…有害；stop doing停止做某事；decide to do决定做某事；try to do设法做某事；freezing weather极冷的天气 Module 2 Education 重点单词/短语 absent, social, secondary, at least, take place 重点句型 语法复习 1. Did you enjoy yourself in London? 2. When it comes to learning, the environment has big part to play. 代词；介词 Unit 1: 1. write a leaflet about your school写一份关于你们学校的传单 2. 由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself, make oneself at home; help oneself (to); hurt oneself; teach oneself; by oneself; look after oneself 3. Let’s have a look.【let’s 后跟动词原形，否定形式为Let’s not do sth.辨析：let’s包括说话人和听话人双方在内，含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思，附加疑问句为shall we。let us表示请求对方允许自己做某事，不包括听话方在内，附加疑问句为will you。】 So ours is a bit bigger. Look, everyone is wearing a jacket and tie.【a bit可修饰比较级、最高级。a jacket and tie为一套东西。动词wear 过去式、过去分词为wore；worn。】 辨析：wear, dress, put on, in wear dress put on in 强调穿着、戴着的状态 后面接表示衣服、鞋帽、手表、首饰类的词 指穿衣的动作 表示穿的动作 指“穿；戴”的状态 后面接sb.或oneself作宾语 后面接表示衣服、鞋帽类的词 介词，后面接表示颜色的词或衣物类名词 If you wear jeans, the teacher won’t let you in. Mrs. Baker got up and dressed her child. Jenny put on her hat and went out. He is always in his green shoes. 4. 5. 6. 7. And everyone is sitting around tables in the classroom.【sit around围着桌子坐】 sit in rows成排坐；a swimming pool游泳池 It looks really great.【连系动词：feel; sound; smell; taste; look。其后常接形容词作表语。】 That means more people to play with.【mean v.计划；打算；意味着；adj.卑鄙的；低微的。mean作动词的用法：mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，其主语通常是表示事物的词。Doing one thing well doesn’t mean doing one thing exactly. mean to do sth.意为“打算或企图做某事”。What do you mean to do with it? Mean sb. to do sth.意为“打算让某人做某事”。I mean you to work as our spokesman.】 8. arrange安排，整理；把…分类，其名词为arrangement。I’ve arranged to see him on Friday morning 9. 辨析both, (n)either, all, any, none 两者 both (都)，谓语动词用复数 either (中任何一个) ，谓语动词用单数 any(任何一个) ，谓语动词用单数 neither (都不) ，谓语动词用单数 none(都不) ，谓语动词用单/复数 4
三者或以上 all (都) ，谓语动词用复数 Unit 2: 10. How long has Susie been at River School?【how long意为“多久；多长”，可用于提问一段时间或提问物体的长度。提问时间的长短时，与其搭配的动词时延续性动词。需记住下列瞬间变成延续的动词：buy—have; borrow—keep; die—be dead; join—be in +集体（或be +成员）; get married—be married; begin/start—be on. 例：The film had started when I got to the cinema. The film had been on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.】 11. How do you like Susie’s school life?【固定句型：How do you like…?意为“你认为…怎样？”相当于What do you think of…?和How do you feel about…? 例：What do you think of this dictionary? = How do you feel about this dictionary?】 12. I’ve been at River School since I was eleven.【since引导的从句时态遵循：主完从过。拓展：since接点时间；for接段时间(它俩常用完成时)；ago接段时间(常用过去时)。】 13. If I pass my exams next year, I’ll stay here until I’m eighteen.如果我通过了明年的考试，我会一直在这儿待到18岁。【pass vt.意为“通过；传递”，其过去式、过分为passed; passed；其短语pass sb. sth./ pass sth. to sb.。注意不要混淆past adj./prep/adv.意为“过去的；超过；经过”。拓展：not…until…意为“直到…才…”。例：I didn’t go to bed until my parents came back last night.】 14. River School is a secondary school, about twenty minutes away from my home by bike.【twenty minutes away from意为“离…20分钟远”，是“数字+单位名词+away from”结构。例：The station is three miles away from our school.词组：be far away from…注意：当句中用具体数字时，far要省掉。】 15. Before class, our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent.上课前，老师检查学生们的出勤情况。【absent意为“缺席的；不在的”，常用词组be absent from…和absent-minded。其反义词为present意为“出席的”。What the teacher said went for nothing because the student was absent-minded.】 16. Each lesson lasts for an hour. We have a break from 11:05 am until 11:15 am, then another lesson, then lunch for an hour.【have a break/rest休息一下；break (broke, broken)还用作动词，意为“打破”。例：He shouldn’t break the rules.】 拓展：辨析each, every。 1. each可作代词和形容词。---（主,宾,定语）；every只可作形容词。---（定语） 2. each可以和of连用，every不可以和of连用。 3. each指两者中的每一个(each of my eyes)；every 指三者中的每一个。 4. each other (两者的)相互；one another(≥三者的)相互 注意：“each/every +名词+ and + each/every +名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。 例：Each/Every desk and each/every chair is in good order. 17. We have two more lessons before school finishes.【表示数量上的“再…‖，表达方式为：another +基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数。例：I want to eat another two apples. = I want to eat two more apples.】 18. instead of和instead的区别： 词汇 意义 词性 强调 instead 反而、代替（而是要） 副词 使用instead强调要做的是后面内容 instead of 代替，而不是（而不是） 短语介词 使用instead of强调要做的的是前面的内容 在句中的位置比较灵活，其后需接被代替的内容作宾语，其宾语多由名词、代词、动名词以及介词短语等充当。 David went to the museum by bus instead of on foot. 在句中 位于句子的开头，这时多用逗号与句子的主体部分的位置 隔开。位于句子的结尾，此时不用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。 例句 转换 Ann said nothing. She began to cry instead. She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. = Instead of studying , she plays tennis all days. 19. We have a large sports ground for football and tennis, (where we can play both during and after school hours地点状语). 【句式分析：本句是复合句，由关系副词where引导的一个非限制性定语从句。注意：非限制性定语从句不可以用关系代词that引导。】 20. During the school year there are usually visits to museums and to camps for activities such as climbing and walking in the country.在这一学年中，通常有去博物馆和露营作为活动，诸如爬上和在乡间散步。 21. There are parties and a sports day, and school plays are really popualr.还有晚会和运动日，学校剧很受欢迎。【be popular with受…欢迎；名词popularity普及；流行】 22. Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.【once意为“一次；一倍；曾经”。拓展：twice两次；两倍。其他次数或倍数皆为基数词+ times。比如：三倍/三次为three times。a parents’ meeting家长会。progress为不可数名词，常用短语为make progress意为“取得进步”。】 5
23. above all, at first, first of all区别：at first意为―首先, 最初‖表示顺序上的先后；first of all意为―首先‖表示重要性上的先后；above all意为―最重要的是；尤其是‖，强调要引起特别注意。 24. We can get the information from the passage directly/indirectly.【direct adj. & adv.径直的/地, 直接的/地；v.指引, 指示, 指挥, 命令, 导演；n. direction方向；指南；指示；direct和directly两个副词都有―直接地‖之意。direct:指行路中不停步、不绕道、直奔目的地。directly: 指以一种直接的方式。表时间时，指立刻，不拖延之意。indirectly adv.间接地；婉转地】 25. How many marks do you need to pass the English exam?你需要多少分才能通过英语考试？ Unit 3: 26. I did really well in English.【do well in擅长；后接名词或动名词。相当于be good at。例：My friend is good at singing. = My friend does well in singing.】 27. My marks in history and art weren’t so good, because neither is my favourite subject. 辨析：none与no one none no one 后面可跟of短语，作主语时，如果它指代的是可数名词，谓语动词用单、常用来回答how many和复数形式都可以，如果它指代的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 how much引导的问句 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，后面不能更of短语 常用来回答who引导的问句 28. A friend of mine called Mark also loves this subject and sometimes we lend each other books or DVDs about history.【lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.拓展：borrow sth. from sb.；keep sth. for +段时间(延续性动词，常和表示一段时间的状语连用)】 29. He is not able to do it himself, so I’m going to help him with it.【be able to do sth.意为“能，会”，可用各种时态。拓展：able—unable—ability—disability】 30. The school cinema shows lots of foreign films.【show v.意为“上演；给…看”，常构成固定短语show sb. sth./ show sth. to sb.；show作名词意为“展览；展示”。拓展词组：show sb. around带领某人参观；show off炫耀；on show展出；show up出现；talk show脱口秀】 31. Please bring your student card if you want the cheap ticket.【sth. is expensive/cheap; price is high/low.】 32. The head teacher speaks to the whole school.【whole位于冠词(a, an, the)、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或所有格等修饰成分之后。all位于冠词(the)、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或所有格等修饰成分之前。例：all the day = the whole day】 33. There are three (forty-minute) lessons, with a (twenty-minute) break in between.有三节40分钟的课，每两节课之间有20分钟的休息时间。 34. They also choose one subject from history.【choose…from…从…选/挑；注意：choose—chose—chosen。拓展：choose的名词为choice意为“选择；机会”；另外choice作形容词.意为“上等的；精选的”。】 35. …but no exams are required. require v.―需要；规定；要求‖的用法： (1) require sth. 需要，依靠。These pets require a lot of care and attention. (2) require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事。We required her to attend the opening ceremony. (3) require doing sth.需要做某事。This room requires cleaning. (require和need用法相同：后接doing，主动表被动。) (4) require that +从句 需要，要求。在require引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可省。She required that I (should) go at once. 36. Students may join as many clubs as they like, but they must join at least one.【join参加组织、团体。at least至少】 as…as的用法： adj./adv. as + many/few +名词复数 + as much/little +名词单数 37. After-school sports practice and matches take place on Wednesday afternoons.【take place发生。注意：其不能用于被动语态。另外，take place常指经常安排的、有计划的发生。happen指偶然发生的或未经筹划的事情。】 38. The school has a good record in sports.学校在体育运动方面有一个良好记录。 39. …and some students won prizes for swimming and running.一些学生由于游泳和跑步获奖。 40. When it comes to learning, the environment has a big part to play.【when it comes to是一个习语，意为“一谈到…；就….而论。其中的“to”为介词，故后接名词、代词或动名词。例：When it comes to eating, Joey is full of joy.一谈到食物，乔伊就很高兴。have a big part to play“扮演一个重要的角色‖，相当于play a big role/part in sth.例：6
Computers will have a big role to play for some time in future.】 41. a long-term study一个长期的研究；拓展：short-term短期的 42. build, set up和found辨析： 1. build主要指―修建、建筑‖，常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等；build作名词有―体格‖之意。 We are building socialism with China’s style.我们正在建设具有中国特色的社会主义。 He is of medium build.他中等体格。 2. set up主要是建立组织；表示―树立榜样；创建党派‖时用set up或found ,不用build。在表示―支起帐篷‖时用set up，不用build。The factory set up a night school last month. 这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。 3. found建立层面较大的机构或理论。His theory is founded on facts.他的理论建立在事实的基础上 The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于是1949。 43. to everyone’s surprise = with surprise = surprising让每个人惊讶；be surprised to do sth.吃惊做某事; be surprise at sth.对某事/物吃惊 44. with little help在几乎没有帮助的情况下 45. He is now working on so-called SOLEs (Self-Organized…).【work on意为“从事；研究‖。so-called所谓的。self意为―自…”,Self-Organized自我管理；selfish自私的；selfless无私的】 46. …with encouraging results.有着令人鼓舞的结果。【courage n.勇气—courageous adj.有勇气的—encourage v.鼓励—encouragement n.鼓励；鼓舞—discourage v.使泄气】 47. Write a leaflet to introduce your school to new students.【introduce v.意为“介绍；提出”；introduce oneself自我介绍；introduction n.意为“介绍；”】
7
Module 3 Life now and then 重点单词/短语 Wealth(y); seldom; full-time; role; education; spare time; speak up; as a result; 重点句型 Nearly finished. I suppose that’ because more people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less. Talking of spare time, can I go on the school trip next month? 形容词、副词的句法功能以及比较级等。 语法复习 Unit 1 1. organizing a debate组织一次辩论 2. in the early 1980s在20世纪80年代 3. …what life is like today.【be like指性格；look like 指外貌。】 4. There weren’t so many cars as there are today.过去没有像今天这么多的汽车。【as conj.像】 5. What is the question they need to answer?【need的用法：need (sb.) to do sth.; Sth. needs doing/to be done.(某物需要被…).】 6. get, grow, turn, go, become辨析： 动态系动词：描述状态变化过程。 1．get―变成，变得……起来‖，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer. 2．grow―渐渐变得……起来，长得‖You will grow used to it. It’s growing warm. 3．turn―转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）‖。Maple trees turn red in autumn. 4．go―变成（某种坏的状态）‖The telephone has gone dead. The tire went flat. 5．become―变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）‖He became angry with me. I became interested in drawing. 7. Nearly finished.就快完成。 8. People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past.人们今天更富裕，而且他们比过去活得更长。 9. …there’s less fear of getting ill because we know how to deal with the ordinary diseases.并且更不惧怕疾病，因为我们知道怎样对付普通的疾病。【句型：there is no / less / little / much fear of doing sth.。无/有惧怕做某事。deal with对付；处理= do with = solve】 区别common, ordinary, usual 和 normal ① common意为―普遍的，共同的‖，强调大家都有的，比较普遍的。common也表示―普通的‖， His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway. ② ordinary意为―普通的，平凡的‖，指没有特别之处。例如：ordinary-looking 相貌平平的 ③ usual意为―通常的‖，一般指在时间上延续过去一贯的习惯。usual place老地方 ④ normal意为―正常的‖，例如：above /below normal 正常标准之上/之下；normal temperature 10. But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to.但是人们所做的运动不像过去一样多了。【平级公式：as + much +uN. + as。use的固定搭配：（1）be used to do sth.被用来做某事。Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things.（2）be used for... 被用来...。The stone is used for building houses and walls.（3）be used as...被用作...。English is used as a very useful language.（4）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。He used to be a teacher.（5）be used to doing sth.习惯性做某事。My mum is used to getting up early every day.】 11. Some people think life in the past was simpler and healthier than today.一些人认为过去的生活比今天更简单而且更将康。【health—healthy—healthily—unhealthy; keep/stay healthy; in good/bad health】 12. More wealth sometimes means less health. When the number of cars is doubled, the pollution is also doubled, or even worse.更多的财富有时意为着更少的健康。 sometimes sometime some time some times 有时 某时 一段时间 几次/倍 频度副词，表示动作发生的频率 副词，用来指不确定的过去或将来的时间 用来表示一段时间 用how often提问 用when提问 用how long提问 此处的time为可数名词，意为―倍数/次数‖ 用how many times提问 【the number of表示“…的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。a number of表示“许多…”,作主语时，谓语动词用复数。列：The number of students of this school has shrunk. A large number of people were present. double双倍的；triple三倍的】 13. Do people work as hard as they did fifty years ago?人们工作像五十年前一样努力吗？【as + adj./adv. + as平级公式】 14. People seldom say they have enough spare time!人们很少说他们有足够的空闲时间。【enough固定用法：…(not) 8
+adj./adv. + enough (for sb.) to do意为“…（不）足够（某人）做某事”。例：The house is big enough for us to live in. The boy is not old enough to go to school. spare用法： v. 节省；省掉；抽出 Can you spare me five minutes? Spare your energy for some other work. adj. 多余的；空闲的；预备的 He could have taken a spare key. They don’t have a lot of spare cash... in one’s spare time在某人空余时间；spare no effort in doing不遗余力 15. She’s seen how life has changed.她看到了生活是怎样改变的。 16. Remember to speak up! She’s a bit deaf now.【speak up大声讲；a bit adv.稍微；有点】 Unit 2 17. I ask her about life today and in the past.我问她关于现在和过去的生活。 18. My family lived in a tiny house. There were no electric lights, only candles.我的家人住在一个狭小的房子里。没有电灯，只有蜡烛。 19. She was a kind and loving mother.她是意为宽容、慈爱的母亲。 20. She didn’t go out to work.她不出去工作。【go out to work出去工作】 21. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was more than a full-time job…照顾我们比作一份全职工作还要辛苦。【looking after us动名词短语作主语。full-time全职的；part-time兼职的】 22. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford it, and what’s more, because I was a girl.我没有上学，因为我的家庭负担不起，还有，因为我是女孩。【send sb. to sw.把某人送到…；send for派人去请；send up发射；send off寄出；afford意为“买得起；负担得起；提供”。常与can, could或be able to连用。例：Can we afford a new car? We can’t afford to give you around-the-clock protection.】 近形辨析：effect n.影响；affect v.影响；effort n.努力；offer v./n.提供；出价；afford v.买得起 23. She has a good education, and she goes to work even after getting married.她受过良好的教育，她甚至在婚后还去工作。【get married to结婚，表示动作。be married to结婚，表示状态。marry表示动作。】 24. I’m happy to see she’s busy working every day, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often.我很高兴看到他每天忙着共组，但有时我感觉孤单，因为她不能经常来看我。【be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事；be busy with sth.忙于某事；lonely意为“孤独的；寂寞的（感情色彩上的）；荒凉的；人迹罕见的”。alone意为“单独的”。另外，lonely的名词为loneliness。辨析：She is alone, but she doesn’t feel lonely.】 25. on foot步行；the underground地铁 26. The only thing I don’t like, though, is that there’s so much more traffic.不过，只有一件事我不喜欢，那就是路上交通更加繁忙。【此处的though意为“不过；可是”为副词。】 27. joy n./v.—enjoy v.—enjoyable adj.—enjoyment n. 28. generally speaking总而言之；概括地说 29. advantage益处；—disadvantage劣势；appropriate adj.适当的； Unit 3 30. medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting healthier and living longer.医疗条件和饮食在提高，人们变得更健康并且活的更长。 31. Today, with the Internet, people can communicate more easily than ever before with friends all over the world.在因特网的帮助下，人们可以与全世界的朋友更容易地进行交流。【communicate with sb.与某人交流；名词为communication】 32. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they are not as fit as they were.更多人开汽车而不骑自行车，因此他们不像过去一样健康。【此处的fit = healthy。另外，fit还意为“合格的;胜任的”。You’re not fit to be a mother!】 33. Increasing traffic makes the roads more crowded than ever, and it also makes pollution worse. We must all work harder to reduce pollution.增长的交通不仅使道路更加拥挤，它也使污染更重。我们必须努力工作去减少污染。 34. You have to speak up because the students in the back cannot hear you.你得大点胜说，因为后面的学生听不到你说话。 35. I searched online an found out the following.我通过在线查询找到了下列资料。 36. Instead of green countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play.人们住在很小的房子里，彼此紧挨着，而不是住在绿色的乡村，孩子们没有玩耍的空间。【space = room空间】 辨析：close, closely, closing, closed --close (v./adj./adv.)作副词的时候，意思是―接近，靠近，紧挨地‖，它表示一种具体的距离上的近（与near词义相近）例：They sat close together.另外，close to是固定搭配，意思是―离…近‖。 9
--closely是指一种抽象的―近‖也可引申为―亲密；仔细‖等意思。例：Tea has been closely woven into the life of the Chinese people. 茶已经紧密地融入到了中国人的生活中。 --closing adj.意为―结尾的，结束的‖，例：They almost won the match in the closing minutes. --closed adj.意为―关着的‖，例：The door is closed. 37. Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet.【share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。】 38. Can you imagine that?你能想象那种情况吗？【imagine后接名词、动名词、从句作宾语。】 39. The pollution from factories filled the air.来自于工厂的污染充满了空气。【be full of = be filled with充满；fill in填写】 40. As a result, there were many illness.【as a result结果】 41. They worked twelve hours a day in dangerous jobs for very little money.为了很少的钱，他们一天12小时干着危险的工作。【danger n.—dangerous adj.—endanger v.；in danger“濒危的”】 42. Many were hurt in accidents with machines.【hurt常指（小刀）弄伤；（语言）伤害。injure（车祸中）受伤。wound（战斗中）负伤。】 43. You can focus your attention just on the information you need.【focus on…致力于；对…予以注意】 44. a great deal用作副词，意为“大量”。a great deal后面如果要跟名词，必须加介词of，a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词。 45. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience.【allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。comfort v./n.—comfortable adj.; convenient adj.—convenience n.】 46. The car also solved an enormous problem (caused by using horses for transport in cities).【solve解决；解答；enormous巨大的；庞大的】 47. So…that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure.【get rid of…除掉】 48. actual—actually实际上；事实上；opinion意见；评价；take turn轮流；argue—argument争论
Module 4 Rules an suggestions 重点单词/短语 whenever; starve; fairly; set off; close to; get lost; go off; on one’s own; lead the way; fall asleep; 重点句型 …whenever you go walking in the hills, you should always wear proper clothes. You mustn’t go off on your own. Can we have something to eat now? 情态动词 语法复习 Unit 1 1. When is Betty leaving for the trip?【leave for…出发去（某地）】 2. What does Betty’s mum suggest Betty should not do?【suggest引导的宾语从句谓语动词常为：(should) + do。拓展：suggest doing。另外，suggestion作名词为可数名词。】 3. Does Betty think the trip will be dangerous?贝蒂认为这次旅行危险吗？ 4. Please pay attention for a moment.【pay attention to意为“注意”。如果无宾语，则需省略介词“to”。】 5. Before we set off, there are a few rules and suggestions for you.在我们出发之前，我要给你们将几条规定和建议。【set off意为“动身；出发”，相当于set out，是不及物动词短语。拓展：set up建立；a set of一套，一串。】 6. Whenever you go walking in the hills, you should always wear proper clothes.无论何时你们在山里徒步旅行，你们应该总是穿着合适的衣服。【whenever此处为连词，相当于no matter when，引导的让步状语从句。proper意为―适当的‖，副词为properly。】 7. You mustn’t walk too close to the edge of the hill path because you might fall and hurt yourselves.你们不许太靠近山路的边缘走，因为你们可能会掉下去并伤了自己。【close to意为“离…近”。the edge of意为―…边缘‖。at the edge of在某个范围的边缘；on the edge of在某个物体表面的边缘上。I could hear birds singing at the edge of the woods. Don’t put the glass on the edge of the table. 动词+反身代词：hurt/cut/look after/dress/look at/teach oneself】 8. keep together呆在一起；get/be lost 迷路了= lose one’s way；go off 离开/去；变质；响起；（电灯）熄灭。I woke up when my alarm clock went off. All the lights went off. on one’s own = by oneself = alone独自, 独自。 辨析：one one’s own:单独地，独立地。多作状语。of one’s own:属于某人自己的。一般作定语。 例：Mr. Wang built the house on his own, and now he has a house of his own. 9. I’m starving!【starve意为“挨饿；饿死”。starving adj.意为“饥饿的”。拓展：be starved of意为“渴望；急需”。The school is starved of first-class teachers.】 10
10. Have breakfast吃早餐；start doing/to do sth.开始做某事；at noon在中午；in one go一口气；一下子。例：He swallowed down five tablets in one go. 11. You must be careful of falling stones.你们必须小心下落的石头。【其中“falling”为现在分词，作stones的前置定语。】 = You should also be careful stone falling from above.【短语falling from above作stone的后置定语。】 be careful of …小心…，后接名词/动名词或从句。例：Be careful of the dog. It may bit you. be careful with…仔细做某事，有仔细，细心的意思。例：Be careful with the experiment you’re doing. be careful to do...小心地做某事。例：He is careful to light fire. 12. Off we go, down this path, across the stream…【完全倒装句。正常语序为：We go off, ...。go off此处意为“离开”。】 13. get up to 达到;赶上; 靠近到; 从事… 14. It should be a fairly smooth walk because it’s a straight path, but it’ll start to get difficult soon.【fairly adv.相当地；公平地；smooth adj./v.逛花灯；流畅的；使平滑；straight adj./adv.直的；直地。get difficult变得艰难了，其中get为联系动词。】辨析：rather, fairly 1. fairly表示对事物的赞赏，有令人喜悦之感，含褒义，一般修饰表示―好‖的形容词或副词，如：nice, good, well, bravely等；而rather往往表示对事物的不赞赏，有令人不悦之感，含贬义，修饰表示―不好‖的形容词或副词，如：bad, ugly, stupid等，例：You did fairly well, but he did rather badly. 2. fairly与rather修饰中义词时，表示说话人的不同感受或看法。试比较： It’s a fairly easy book.（这本书还算容易） It’s a rather easy book.（这本书太浅了） 3. rather可以和比较级形容词或者too连用，fairly则不行。例：My brother is rather better today. This book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for the seniors. 15. depend on依赖；依靠；strong—strength力量；优点；at the start刚开始 Unit 2 16. What (do you think) the people in the tent should do?【do you think为插入语；剩余部分为宾语从句，从句缺宾语故用连接代词“what”，并且用陈述语序。】 17. Where (do you think) is the best place (to keep food safe from bears)?【do you think为插入语；剩余部分为宾语从句，从句缺地点状语故用连接副词“where”。不定式to keep…在居中作place的后置定语。】 On the first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. 【the three of us意为“我们三个人”，一共是三人。】 辨析：on, in, at on in at 用在具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午或晚上及节日前 on Monday morning 用在年、月、季节及泛指上午、下午或晚上等 用在钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓前 in may; in the morning at six; at noon 18. We soon fell asleep.【fall asleep意为“入睡”。“睡觉”的顺序：be sleepy—go to sleep—fall asleep—sleeping—be asleep】 19. In the middle of the night, I heard a strange noise outside.【hear + ab./sth. + do/doing/done】 辨析：noise噪音；sound声音；voice嗓音 20. Look out of向外看；get up起床；make breakfast做早餐 21. We should hang the food in a tree tonight.【hang—hanged—hanged绞死；hang—hung—hung悬挂】 22. Later that day, we stopped in a beautiful field by a stream. by的用法： 1. by+地点名词。表方位，意为：―在…旁边‖。如：by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。 注：有时可表:―从…旁经过‖,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。 2. by+时间名词。意为：―到…时（已发生某事），此时谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟于…,在…之前‖。 3. by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）。意为：―按…计算，按…买(卖)‖。 by time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。 4.by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：―通过…，由…，乘…‖by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane; by land/road/sea/water/air等。（on foot) 5. by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：―靠…，通过…，由…所致‖。by practice/diligence/chance/accident; by mail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand 6. by+动词—ing.意为：―通过…，靠…，凭…‖。如：by waiting/ practicing /begging/ working/ imitating等。 23. We put up the tent and fell asleep. 我们搭起帐篷，然后睡着了。【put up意为“搭起，架起”。例：We put up our tent 11
in the woods. put up 还可表示“张贴；举起，安装”。例：She put up the picture on the wall.】 24. We must keep the camp clean…我们必须保持营地干净…【keep + sb./sth.+形容词，意为―使某人/某物保持某种状态‖。 He always keeps his mother happy.拓展：1. keep sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事例：Don’t keep me waiting for long. 2. keep doing sth. 一直做某事。例：He keeps asking the same question.】 25. Let’s tidy up and move on.【tidy up整理；move on继续前进】 26. You mustn’t make any sudden moves or any sound.你千万别突然移动或发出声音。【make a move开始行动；搬家；make a sound发出声音】 27. And above all, you mustn’t run. 最重要的是，你绝对不能跑。 辨析：above all, after all, first of all above all 尤其是；最重要的是 强调需特别对待，类似于especially Above all, make sure you are safe. after all first of all 毕竟；终究 首先 表示一种让步语气 表示次序 Don’t punish me. After all he is a child. First of all, let’s make a plan. 28. No one can run faster in the forest than a bear.在森林里，没人能跑过熊。 辨析：no one, none, nothing none指人，物都可以 none常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句 no one只指人 no one常回答who引导的疑问句 nothing指物 nothing常回答what引导的疑问句 None可以和of, 谓语可以是单数或复数 no one不可以和of连用，谓语只有单数 29. for a break休息一会 30. While the others were resting, I went for a walk in the forest.当其他人在休息时，我出去散步了。【the others表示其余全部人。others表示另一些人（是another的复数形式）。go for a walk去散步。while的用法：while从句中的动词要用“延续性动词”，且常用进行时。】 31. Suddenly, I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones. I saw the baby bear and his huge mother walking away.【see v12 +宾语+doing/do/done】 32. If I reach out, I can touch him. 我要是伸出手的话，就能摸着它。【reach out意为“伸出（手等）”。reach out for sth.或reach for sth. 意为“伸出手去拿某物”。拓展：1.beyond/out of one's/the reach达不到的，力所不及的，不能理解 2.within one’s reach在某人力所能及的范围内, 在某人能到达的范围内】 33. I stood very still.【still作形容词，意为“静止的；不动的”。still用作副词还可以意为“还，仍然；更加（常修饰比较级）‖ Do you still live here? She is still more beautiful.】 34. I turned pale and her ran past me into the woods.我脸色惨白，它从我身边跑进了森林。 turn的用法： 一、turn = become 用作连系动词。In autumn the leaves turn yellow. 二、turn构成的词组。 1. I expect the missing watch will turn up one day. (turn up出现) 2. Don’t turn to him for help. (转向；求助于) 3. Turn over the page. (翻转) 4. Turn it round and let me see the other side. (使转身) 5. Turn away from the light. (把脸转过去) 6. Turn your pocket inside out. 把你的口袋翻过来。 三、take turns to do, take turns at doing或do by turns都表示―轮流做某事‖的意思。 It’s one’s turn to do... 表示―轮到某人做某事‖。注意表达时turn一词的单复数形式。例如： 1. We take turns to make/at making dinner. (=We make dinner by turns.) 2. It’s your turn to recite the passage. 四、turn out 表示―结果…‖。I hope everything will turn out fine/well/all right. 35. run back跑回；回忆；run back to sw.跑回某地 36. For the text ten days, every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold.之后的十天里，每当听到突然的声响，我都回心惊胆战。【every time此处为连词，意为“每次，每当‖，引导时间状语从句，相当于when。Every time I wear the cap, I will think of you.】 12
37. I did not move until the bears walked away. Then I ran back to my friends as fast as I could.直到熊走开，我才动身。我尽快跑回到我朋友那儿。 38. What should we do [to look after the place]?【不定式作目的状语】 Unit 3 39. Children should be taken care of by parents. = Parents should take care of children.【情态动词的被动语态。】 40. Check in at the main fate when you come to the centre.进入中心时请在大门口登记。【check in意为“登记签到；（在旅馆）入住登记；（在机场）办理登机手续‖。check out 结账离开；check off 清点，核对；check on 查对，核实】 41. Wear a hard hat at all times.一直带着安全帽。【at all times意为“总是，一直，随时”，与all the time同义。 all the time一直，始终；at times 有时；at a time一次；at that time在那时；on time准时；in time及时】 42. Don’t eat or drink anywhere except in the restaurant. 除了在餐厅内，不要在任何地方吃。】 except 除了… 强调“从整体中减去一部分‖，侧重于 ―有一部分被排除或不包括在内‖，except后的词便是被排除的部分。常与all, always ,every等连用 We all like football except you. except for except for也表示―除…以外‖，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。从内容上看，except表示―同类中除此以外‖，而except for则是―不同类中的除此以外‖如： We all went to the park except Mary. 其中，we与Mary是同类比较。 Your composition is good except for the handwriting. 其中composition 与handwriting是不同类比较。 除…外，还有 besides后的内容也包括在内 除…之外 I like Maths besides English. 常与nothing, no, nobody连用，表示仅有或存在but I had nothing but two pieces of bread this morning. 后的内容 besides but 43. People are very worried about the conditions of the ancient forests of Canada and want to save them.【the conditions of……的状况】 44. Many visitors to the forests use knives to cut their names into the trees, some of which are hundreds of years old.【关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句，在句中作主语。】 45. We hope tourists will play their part in keeping Canada’s forests clean too.我们希望游客将参与保持我们森林清洁。 46. be made of用…造成（用于原材料显而易见）；be made from用…造成（用于原材料不易看出） 47. People must wake up to the fact [that pollution is causing damage to the progress (we’ve made).] 人们必须认识到这个事实：污染环境正在对我们所取得的进步构成危害。【make progress取得进步。wake up to认识到，意识到。Some students have woke up to the importance of learning English.】 48. To save water is to save lives.节约水就是拯救我们的生命。【不定式作主语和表语，平行结构。 介词+宾语从句 相当于Saving water is saving lives.动名词作主语和表语。】 49. The school suggests that the students should pass {on what they have learnt in school} to their parents and neighbours. 学校建议学生将他们在学校学到的知识传递给他们的父母和邻居。 1) suggest及物动词，意为“建议，提议“，后接宾语从局时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用 ―(should+)动词原形‖。 He suggests that we should help each other. suggest后跟动词-ing形式作宾语，不跟动词不定式。I suggested asking for help. ―建议某人做某事“用advise sb. to do sth. 而不能用suggest. He advised us to wait for the bus. 2) pass on意为“传递”，pass on sth. to sb.意为“把某物传给某人”。Would you like to pass on the salt to me? 50. turn on/off =switch on/off = shut on/off打开；关闭 51. In order to become a ―green school‖…为了成为一所“绿色学校‖ 【in order to意为“为了”。其后跟动词原形，引导目的状语。 In order to arrive in time, they started early. in order that意为“为了…‖,相当于so that,引导目的的状语从句。He worked late in order that he could make more money. = He worked late so that he could make more money.】 52. A school must include education about the environment as part of the timetable.学校必须将环境教育作为课程表的一部分。 53. Education is important and can help children and young people change their habits.教育很重要，并且能帮助孩子和年轻人改变他们的习惯。 54. At the same time, they can pass on knowledge to their neighbours.同时，他们还能将知识传递给邻居。【pass on意为“传递”。knowledge为不可数名词。】 55. environmental protection环保 13
56. 新词：ecotourism (ecology生态学)生态旅游；mouse potato网虫；Chinglish（Chinese+English 汉式英语）；brunch（breakfast +lunch早午餐）；e-cash（电子钞票）；netizen（网民） 57. Take rubbish away with you.【take away带走；拿开】 58. Don’t make open fires in the forests.不要在森林里点明火。【open fire明火】 59. Behaving politely in public.在公众场合举止礼貌。【behave v.表现；守规矩。拓展：well-behaved行为端正的】 Revision Module A 1. What does John think about fishing?约翰认为钓鱼怎样？ 2. What is wrong with Tony?托尼怎么了？ 3. --What does Betty advise Tony to do?—Take some medicine.贝蒂建议托尼做什么？吃些药。 4. What is the Nature Club going to do?—Go on a trip.去旅行。 5. What did Kate ask David to do?—Go over the lessons.复习功课。Work out maths problems.做出这些数学题。 6. What subject is Kate weak in?【be weak in差；不擅长于…反义词词组：be good at/do well in】 7. What did David decide to do in the end?【decide (not) to do sth.决定做某事；in the end最后；结果】 8. Number of tickets you can buy online at a time你一次可以在网上购票的数目 9. Linda enjoys playing the piano, while her parents are interested in listening to music.琳达喜欢弹钢琴，而她的父母对听音乐感兴趣。【…, while…意为“而”，表示对比的关系。be interested in对…感兴趣；music前无冠词。】 10. –What do you think of the football match?—Wonderful. Our football team has never played better.你认为主球比赛怎么样？很精彩，我们的足球队从未踢过这么好。 11. Mr. Wang lives in that building. He lives on the sixth floor.【注意介词的使用】 12. You mustn’t walk too close to the edge when you are walking along the Great Wall.当你沿着长城走时，你一定不要太靠边缘走。 13. Many people are afraid of travelling by plane, but flying is the safest way to travel.许多人害怕乘坐飞机，但飞行是旅行最安全的方式。 14. Safety is something that pilots take very seriously.安全是飞行员严肃对待的事情。 15. I was really excited at the thought of (being at home alone and doing everything by myself.)我想到自己一个人在家亲自做一切事情确实很兴奋。 16. My mum told me to take the electricity card to the bank and buy some electricity.我妈妈告诉我带电卡去银行买些电。 17. I put the card into the metre and the electricity started working again.我将卡插入表中，电又开始工作了。 18. I was happy that I could solve the problem in the end.我很高兴最后解决了这个问题。 19. British eating habits are different from those in China.英国的饮食习惯与中国不同。 20. Lunch is taken later in the UK.在英国，午餐吃得较晚。 21. There are also differences in the way (that/in which/不填)schoolchildren eat lunch.学生吃午餐的方式也有差异。 22. It is more common for British schoolchildren to bring their own lunches to school.对英国学生来说，自带午餐到学校更常见。【通，of；不通for。】 23. …, there is one thing that people in the UK and China share—the happiness of being with their families and loved ones. 有一件事英国人和中国人是共享的—与他们的家人和亲人在一起的幸福。 24. similar adj.相似的；类似的。拓展：be similar with/to…与…相似 25. at the end of…在…结束 26. be full of…充满 27. Most of the shops close at 10 pm, but at that time teahouses are still open, (where you can meet old friends and make new ones).【teahouse为定语从句的先行词，作定语从句的状语，故用关系副词where引导。】 28. side by side肩并肩地；并排 29. even though即使；纵然 30. It was the first time she had stayed away from her family.【固定句型：it is/was + 第几次+that…+have/has/had done.】 31. explain sth. to sb. = explain to sb. sth.想某人解释某事 32. decide to do sth.决定做某事 33. I take part in as many activities as I could.【take part in…积极参加；as + many +名词复数+ as】 34. try to do sth.设法做某事 14
35. move to sw.搬到某地 36. He told us what he did [to become part of the new school] by being patient when he started to worry of feel sad.他告诉我们他是如何帮助自己成为新学校的一部分的，当他开始忧虑或感到难过时他靠耐心。 37. At first, it’s a bit difficult to trust new people, but after a while, it gets easier.开始，新人陌生人是有点困难，但经过一段时间后，就变得更容易了。 38. You can change your way of thinking…【way的用法：the way to do sth.或the way of doing sth.】 39. situation状况；solution解决方法；volunteer志愿者；be interested in对…感兴趣；be good at using a computer擅长做某事；email…to…给…发电子邮件；show around领…参观； 40. What kinds of after-school activities do you have?你有什么样的课外活动？
15
M5 Look after yourself 重点单词/短语 agreement; require; cancel; effort; catch up; thanks to; health care; once in a while; fall over; fall off; keep fit; at least; die from 重点句型 语法复习 He fell over when he was running down the steps. I have difficulty sleeping. 动词的六种时态 Unit 1 1. Do you think the person is seriously hurt?你认为这个人伤得严重吗？ 2. What (do you think) has happened to him?你认为他发生了什么？ happen句型归纳 (1)sb. happen to do sth.(主语常为―人‖)，意为“碰巧、恰好‖。如： You happened to be out when I came to your house. 我到你家时，你正好出去了。 (2)It happen that… ―（如此）碰巧，恰好”。如： It happens that he is a teacher of English. 恰好他是位英语老师。 注意：句型(1) 和(2) 可互换，如：I happened to have no money with me./It happened that I had no money with me. (3)sth. happen to sb./sth. “某人/物出事，发生了…情况”。如：What has happened to your hand? 你的手怎么了？ 在使用happen时，以下三点情况值得注意： 1. happen为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例如，要表示\"这个故事发生在去年。不能说：The story was happened last year.但可以说：The story happened last year. 2. happen为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如，要表示―这事发生一年了。”不能说：This happened for one year.但可以说：This happened one year ago. 3. happen一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性。如要表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动，则不能用happen，而要用take place。例如：A sports meeting took place (=was held) in our school last week. (不能说：A sports meeting happened in our school last week.) 3. How long did it take for the wound to get better after Tony’s dad cut his finger?【it takes some time to do sth.。get此处用作连系动词，意为“变得”，后跟形容词或形容词的比较级作表语】 get turn 变得 变成 多用于口语，表示一种变化的过程，强调―渐渐变得‖ 多用于在颜色或性质等方面的变化，强调变化的结果 In winter, the days get shorter. The man turned blue with fear. She became an English teacher. become 变得，成为 通常指身份、职位的变化，强调变化的过程已经完成 4. What parts of his body hurt after Tony’s dad fell off his bike?在托尼的爸爸从自行车跌落之后，他身体哪部分受伤了? 5. Let’s wait for the others. 让我们等一下其他人。【others为代词，意为“其他的”。其前面加定冠词the特指某一范围内的“其他的人或物”，相当于“the other+复数名词”。】 6. They’ll catch up in a few minutes. 他们一会儿就会赶上。 1) catch up意为“赶上；追上”。表示“赶上某人”用catch up with sb. You’d better drive faster, because the others are catching up quickly. 2) in a few minutes 意为“几分钟之后；一会儿；立刻”。“in+一段时间之后”，常用于一般将来时。 in+一段时间 after+一段时间 用于一般将来时 用how soon提问 用于一般过去时 用when提问 He’ll come back in three hours. He came back after three hours. 7. Who’s missing? 谁掉队了？ missing 形容词，意为“找不到的，不在的，丢失的”。miss用作及物动词时，可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 1) 没赶上;错过 He arrived late and missed the train. 2) 想念；挂念 We have been missing you since you were gone. 8. I thought we had an agreement to stay together.【have an agreement同意；达成共识】 9. He fell over when he was running down the steps. 他正跑着下台阶，这时他摔倒了。 1) 此句结构为含有when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，表示主句动作进行时，从句动作发生了，相当于：While he was running down the steps, he fell over. 2) fall over意为“摔倒；跌倒”。He fell over and broke his leg yesterday. 【fall behind落后；fall into 掉进；fall down 跌倒；fall off (从…上)跌落】 10. Will I go blind? 我会失明吗？【blind 为形容词，意为“失明的；瞎的‖。Go blind为动词短语，意为“失明”。这16
时go为系动词，意为“变成”，后接形容词作表语。】The boy went blind at the age of four. 11. We’d better get you to hospital.我们最好送你去医院。 12. I’ll call for help on my mobile. 我要打手机求助。【call for help on one’s mobile 意为“打手机求助”】 13. It’s nothing serious. 没什么大事。 Nothing serious意为“不很严重，没什么大事”。修饰不定代词时形容词要置于被修饰词之后。 14. Tony, tell everyone we have to call off the walk and go back home. 托尼，告诉大家我们必须取消这次徒步活动并且回家。【call off，意为“取消”相当于cancel。We canceled our appointment.】 15. timely revision及时的复习(revise v.)；review v./n.复习；occasion场合；地方 16. Why did Mr. Jackson decide to go and look for Tony and Daming? 为什么杰克逊先生决定去寻找托尼和大明？【decide用作及物动词，意为“决定”，可接名词、代词、动词不定式及从句作宾语。We have decided to go to France for our holidays. decide的名词为decision, make a decision意为“作决定”。Tom is old enough to make a decision by himself.】 17. He was afraid of going blind because he hit his head. 他害怕失明因为他碰倒了头。【be afraid of意为“害怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 A. be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事； B. be afraid+that 从句 担心…】 18. It happened on my way to school. 它发生在我上学的路上。【on one’s way to…意为“在某人去…的路上”，后接地点名词。当后面接地点副词（home，there, here等）时，要省略介词to】 19. I fell off my bike. 我从自行车上摔了下来。【fall off意为“跌落；从…上掉下来”，后直接接宾语】 fall off fall down fall over 强调“跌落，从…上掉下来”，后直接接宾语，相当于fall down from 强调“滑落，倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词from 强调―向前摔倒，跌倒‖ The girl fell off the bike.= The girl fell down from the bike. The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down. There is too much snow on the ground. Be careful, or you will fall over. Unit 2 20. Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier, longer lives. 多亏更好的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康、更长寿。【thanks to意为“多亏；由于”，常引导状语，多引出好的原因。 health care意为“医疗保健(服务)”】 thanks to thanks for 是介词短语，意为―多亏；由于‖ 意为―因某事而感谢‖，后接感谢的原因 Thanks to your help, we all passed the exam. Thanks for your help. Thanks for telling me. 拓展：due to因为；owing to由于；because of因为 21. Most people are living healthier and longer lives.大多数人生活得更健康更长寿。 22. Someone (who is born today) can expect to live about thirty-five years longer than someone (who was born in the nineteenth century.) 今天出生的人有望比19世纪出生的人多活大约35年。 1) expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.期盼(某人)做某事。其名词为expectation. 2) thirty-five years longer than意为“比…长35年”。在比较级前可加岁数、倍数等词。 3) in the nineteenth century 意为“在19世纪”。“in+the+序数词+century‖表示 ―在…世纪‖。 23. It is even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays.人们甚至认为将来会有越来越多的人庆祝他们的百岁生日。【比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…‖,表示程度的增加。如果形容词或副词的比较级是在其前加more构成的，表达 ―越来越…”时应用 ―more and more+原级‖这一结构 Your English is getting better and better.注意：如果形容词、副词为多音节时，表达 ―越来越…”的结构为：more and more +adj./adv.】 24. Here are five rules for a healthy life. 这是健康生活的五条原则。【此处句式为Here be开头的完全倒装句，意为“这是…；这儿有…‖,be动词的数应与后面的主语保持一致。】 25. To keep fit, you have to walk at least10,000 steps every day. 为了保持健康，你必须每天至少走10000步。 1) keep fit意为“保持健康”，相当于keep healthy/keep in good health/condition. 2) at least意为“至少”，其反义短语为at most，意为“至多”。其中least是little的最高级。 26. In the past, people’s jobs required more physical effort. 过去，人们的工作需要更多的体力劳动。 1) require 为及物动词，意为“需要，要求”。主要有以下用法： 接名词作宾语 This job requires strength. 接不定式作宾语补足语 They required us to help them. 接that从句(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中should 可省略)。She required that I (should)go at once. 接动名词主动式或不定式被动式 This computer requires repairing next month.=This computer requires to be 17
repaired next month. 2) effort常作不可数名词，意为“力气；精力”，表泛指意义。It’s a waste of time and effort. 27. Think about it: Do you spend the same time exercising today as they did in the past?考虑一下：你有过去的人们那样的运动量吗？【spend动词，意为“花费”。spend time/money doing/on sth. 花费时间/金钱（做）某事，其主语为人】 28. It is important to eat food (that is fresh and natural), for example, fruit and vegetables.要吃新鲜的、自然的食物，例如，水果和蔬菜，这一点很重要。【句式分析：it is + adj. + to do sth.。不定式中又含有定语从句。】 29. You should only have it once in a while.你应该只是偶尔吃点。【once in a while意为“偶尔；有时；间或”，一般放在句末，偶尔出现在句首】 30. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health. 吃太多不好的食物对你的健康有害。【harm动词，意为“伤害；损害”，多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位及精神上受到伤害】 1) harm也可以作名词，意为“伤害；损害”，常用短语：do harm to意为“对…有害”。Smoking does harm to your health. 2) harmful为形容词，意为“有害的”，常用短语：be harmful to意为“对…有害”Freeing winter is harmful to orange trees. 3) harmless无害的 31. When we were babies, we slept for much of the night.当我们还是婴儿时，我们晚上的大部分时间都在睡觉。 32. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it is important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep at night.【注意用法：as + much uN. + as。eight hours’ sleep为名词所有格的特殊用法：时间’s +名词。例：a five-minute walk = a five minutes’ walk】 33. …so use it not must for your friends, but for rest too.【句型：not…but…意思为―不是...而是...‖。He helped not me but you. You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do.】 34. Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health.很多人认为快乐对于我们整体健康来说重要。 35. Sometimes it’s not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. 有时当一名青少年是不容易的， 因为要面临学校、考试或者友谊的难题。【difficulties是名词difficulty的复数形式。difficulty意为“困难，难题‖， 表示具体的难处、难事、麻烦时，是可数名词。Have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为 ―做某事有困难‖。 Older students were having difficulty in studying and organizing themselves.】 36. If you are worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.如果你担心什么的话，就要和你的父母或老师说说。【be worried about意为“为…担心”，其中worried的形容词，about为介词，所以其后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语； worry about意为“为…担忧”，其中worry是动词】 37. Say no to smoking!拒绝吸烟！ 【say no/yes to…意为“向…说不/行‖,即 ―拒绝/同意‖。Did you say yes to her invitation?】 38. according to根据；按照 39. However, if you are always sitting on the sofa and do no exercise at all, you will put on weight and harm your health.然而你总是坐在沙发上而根本不锻炼， 你将会增肥， 并且会损害你的健康。【not…at all意为“根本（不），一点（也不）‖，用于否定句；在否定句中，at all通常位于句末，也可跟在否定词后。He isn’t tired at all./He’s not at all tired. put on weight增加体重；反义词组为lose weight。】 40. Doctors say you should exercise for at least half an hour each day.医生说你每天至少应该锻炼半个小时。 Unit 3 41. To put him away from the cooker, she hit his arm with a piece of wood that was lying by the back door. 为了使他脱离厨具，她用躺在后门的一根木棍打他的胳膊。【pull away意为“使离开，（使）脱身；逃脱‖，常与介词from连用; pull together 齐心协力；pull sth. out of…把某物从…拉出来。】 42. What’s that you’re wearing around your stomach?围在你肚子上的是什么？ 43. You’re taking a sudden interest in exercise.你对锻炼突然有了兴趣。 44. I have put on a lot of weight. I should spend some time exercising.我胖了不少。我应该花一些时间来锻炼。 45. But at least you’ve never taken up smoking.【take up开始从事；接受（提议）；占用】 46. Smoking is the worst thing you can do ro your health.吸烟是对健康最有害的事情。 47. The website introduces some good ways to keep fit.这个网页介绍了一些保持健康的好方法。 48. My grandfather is having a happy life thanks to many years of healthy food and exercise.由于多年的健康食物和锻炼，我的爷爷生活得很幸福。 18
49. Staying up late once in a while is all right, as long as you usually get about eight hours’ sleep a night.【stay up熬夜；as long as只要；和…一样长】 50. Kate asks her father to stop smoking. 凯特请求她父亲戒烟。【ask sb. to do sth.意为“请求某人做某事”，ask sb. not to do sth.意为“请求某人不要做某事”，不定式在句中作宾语补足语。类似于此种用法的动词（词组）还有want, tell, would like, teach等】 51. Kate tells her father why smoking is also bad for no-smokers.凯特告诉她父亲为什么吸烟也对不吸烟者有害。【be bad for对…有害处】 52. I want to ask you to stop smoking, and it’s too difficult to talk about it face to face.我想请求你戒烟，面对面谈论此事太困难了。【face to face面对面】 53. I’ve looked up a lot of information about smoking and I’ve found out about its dangers. 我已查阅了很多有关吸烟的信息，并发现了它的危害。【look up此处意为“查阅”，为“动词+副词”结构，如果宾语为人称代词，要放在look与up之间。 look up还意为“抬头看；仰视”。】 54. I’ve found out that it causes many illnesses. 我发现它会引起很多疾病。【illness名词，意为“病，疾病”，是由形容词ill加后缀-ness构成的合成词。illness强调疾病的种类时，用作可数名词；表示抽象含义，强调生病的状况时，用作不可数名词。 由形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词还有：bitterness; tiredness; happiness; kindness; carefulness; laziness; sadness; weakness; rudeness; selfishness; shyness; lonely-loneliness; darkness; carefulness; carelessness】 55. Did you know that thousands of people die from smoking every year in Britain? 你知道每年在英国有数千人死于吸烟吗？【die from意为“死于”。死因大多为外部因素，如交通事故、自然灾害等。 die of也意为“死于”，但常指死因存在于人身体之内“主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因‖。die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc)】 56. She is just being difficult.她难以相处。 辨析：be + adj.和be + being + adj. 1. She is kind. 2. She is being kind. She is kind.她平日待人一向和蔼可亲。She is being kind.从结构看, being表示―目前‖或―现在‖的短暂涵义,它说明主体有意识进行的一个动作, 故其内在涵义为: ―她平日待人并不和蔼, 现在却故意装出一副和蔼可亲的模样‖。 在这种句型里, being的意义相当于―故意地‖(purposely or intentionally)。 57. What’s more, doctors have found that more and more people (who don’t smoke) are falling ill. 更重要的是，医生发现越来越多的不吸烟的人正在患病。【what’s more表示递进，意为“另外；而且；此外；更重要的是‖，是一个过渡性词汇。同类型的短语有what’s worse意为 ―更糟糕的是‖】 58. It’s caused by secondary smoking, (which could make Mum and me ill too).这叫二手吸烟，它也会使我和妈妈生病的。【which引导非限定性定语从句】 59. We will do anything (we can) [to help you].为了帮助你，我们会尽全力帮助你。【此句含有定语从句；和目的状语】 60. There is an old saying, ―Laughter is the best medicine.‖有一个古老的谚语：―笑声是最好的药。‖ 61. In some countries special centres for treating illnesses with laughter were set up and became popular.在一些国家里建立了用笑声治疗疾病的特殊中心并且变得很受欢迎。 62. Doctors say five minutes of laughing is as good for you as fifteen minutes in the gym.医生说笑5分钟和在体育馆锻炼15分钟对你有一样的好处。 63. I have difficulty sleeping. I worry so much about my schoolwork.我很难入睡。我很担心我的学业。【固定用法：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难】
19
M6 Eating together 重点单词/短语 invitation, calendar, cross, wing, serve, heat up, help yourself; at the end of; pick up 重点句型 语法复习 Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 被动语态 Unit 1 1. invite—invitation; invite sb. to do sth.和invite sb. to sw. 2. When is the school-leaver’ party?毕业生聚会是在什么时候？ 3. It’ll be held on the 30th of May.它将于5月30日举行。【请复习8个被动语态。】 4. In fact, I was chosen to play the dance music. 事实上，我被选中演奏舞曲。【choose此处作及物动词，意为“选择‖，其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen, choose to do sth.意为 ―选择去做某事‖。 choose的名词形式为choice,意为 ―选择‖，表示做出选择，通常用动词make. We each had to make a choice. 另外还有是形容词，意为―精选的‖。】 5. The teachers have asked everyone to prepare a traditional dish from their home country. 老师让每个人准备一道自己国家的传统菜肴。【prepare此处作及物动词，意为“准备“，后接名词或代词作宾语。常用短语：prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb.意为“为某人准备某物”；prepare to do sth. 意为“准备做某事”。 She prepared us a nice breakfast.= She prepared a nice for us.】 1) prepare也可用作不及物动词，意为“做准备”，常用短语prepare for意为 ―为…做准备‖. I can’t go to the movices with you because I have to prepare for an exam. 2) prepare的名词形式为preparation，意为“准备；准备工作”。 a traditional dish/course 一道传统菜 6. We can heat it up in the school kitchen, but it should be cooked at home. 我们可以在学校厨房给它加热，但它应该在家烹饪。【heat up为固定短语，意为“加热”。】 lift up 举起 climb up 爬上 get up 起床 come up 开始；发生 stand up 起立 pick up 捡起 grow up 成长 put up 举起；建造 look up 查询 set up 建立；创立 eat up 吃光 use up 用完；耗尽 end up 结束 cut up 切碎 give up 放弃 turn up 开大 cheer up 使高兴 7. It’s made with chicken and vegetables. 它是用鸡肉和蔬菜做成的。【with介词，意为“用（工具或身体部位等）You can cut it with a knife.】 with in 介词 介词 用（工具、身体部位） They eat with forks./ I’ll have to see it with my own eyes. 用（语言、声音、材料） She can give a talk in English./ He talked to her in a low voice. 8. finger food 手拿/抓食品 9. no good的用法： 1) it’s no good doing sth. 做某事没用 It’s no good buying him a watch-he never uses. 2) no good for sth. 某物不适合… This medicine is no good for stomachache. 3) no good to sb. 对某人没有好处或没有帮助 A car is no good to me, since I can’t drive. 10. Cheeseburgers are made of hamburgers and cheese. 干酪汉堡包是由汉堡和奶酪做成的。 be made of be made from ―由…制成”，从制成品上能够看出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是物理变化 ―由…制成”，从制成品上一般看不出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是化学变化 The table is made of wood. The bread is made from corn. 1) be made in…意为“产于…；于…制造”，后接表示地点的名词。 This TV set is made in Shanghai. 2) be made into…意为“被制成…”。 This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 3) be made up of…意为“由…组成”，后跟组成部分。 A year is made up of twelve months. 4) be made by…意为“由…制造”，后接动作的执行者。 This machine is made by the workers in the factory. 11. be popular with受欢迎；be popular for 因…而成名 12. What was Daming chose to do at the school-leavers’ party?在学校毕业生聚会上大明被选中做什么？ 13. Where are they going to prepare the food?他们要去哪准备食物？ 14. The day for the school-leavers’ party is an important date in the school calendar.毕业生聚会是学校日历中一个重要的日子。 15. You can use English with people from all over the world - take your chance to learn something about how they live and what they eat.你可以用英语与来自世界各地的人交流，抓住机会了解他们如何生活和吃什么。【chance此处作可数20
名词，意为“机会，机遇”。其后常接“to do不定式”或“of+doing形式”，即(have) a chance to do…=(have) a chance of doing…，意为“有机会做某事”。take one’s chance抓住机会；by chance意为“偶然地”。】 16. Learning about other cultures is not only interesting, it will also help you understand the world better.了解其他文化不仅是有趣的，而且它还将帮助你更好地理解世界。【这是一个动名词短语learning about other cultures作主语的句子，其结构为：doing sth. is+形容词或名词，意为“做某事…的”，还可以表示为：It is +形容词或名词+to do sth.,此时it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。 Learning English well isn’t difficult.= It isn’t difficult to learn English well. not only…(but) also…不但…而且…】 Unit 2 17. Talk about the differences between a Wstern meal and a Chinese meal.谈论西餐和中餐的差异。 18. Who is the passage written for?这篇文章是为谁写的？ 19. We often say, ―When in Rome, do as the Romans do.‖我们常说：“入乡随俗。”【as为连词，表示“正如，像…”，引导方式状语从句。While in the chemistry lab, do as I say, please.】 1) as作介词，意为“像，如同；当作，作为”。They were all dressed as clowns (小丑). 2) as作副词，意为“像…一样”，常用于构成as…as…结构，两个as中间用形容词或副词的原籍，表示“和…一样…”。Mary plays the piano as well as her sister. 20. Here are some things (that you may need to know about eating together in the West).这里有你需要了解的关于西方共同进餐的一些常识。 21. Dinner is served around 7pm or even later. 晚餐大约在下午7点或更晚一些被提供。 1) serve此处作动词，意为“（为）服务，招待，端上（饭菜等）”。常见短语：serve sb. sth./ serve sth. to sb. ―用某物招待某人‖；serve as“担任‖。【当饭菜、食物、饮料作主语，且位于动词用serve时，需用被动语态 Dinner is now served.】 As a Party member one must serve the people wholeheartedly. 2) even此处为形容词比较级的前置修饰词，意为“甚至…‖。 其他常见的形容词比较级的前置修饰词： 1) much/a lot+相容词比较级，“…得多‖。He’s feeling a lot better today. 2) a bit/a little+形容词比较级，“稍微…‖。Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow? 3) 倍数、分数、百分数等表示数量的词常放在比较级前表示具体差别。My brother is three years older than I. 22. But there is nothing similar to say in English!但没有什么类似的英语说法！【similar此处作形容词，意为 ―类似的；相似的‖，常与介词to连用，be similar to意为“与…相似”。其名词为：similarity】 be similar to be similar in be familiar with 与…相似 在某方面与…相似 对…熟悉 His views are similar to mine. Gold is similar in colour to brass. He is familiar with the city. 23. Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 刀和叉被用于大多数西餐中。句中be used for (doing) sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用于（做）某事”。介词for表示“用途”，后面跟动词-ing形式。Metal is used for making machines. Pens are used for writing. 1) used to be 意为―过去是…‖ 2) used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事” 3) be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，属于被动语态结构 4) be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词。 5) be used as 意为“被用作…” 6) be used by 意为“被（某人）使用”，by后接动词use的执行者。 24. The food is held with the fork and cut with the knife.用叉子按住食物，用刀切。 25. Soup I eaten with a spoon.汤用勺子。 26. However, there is some food which you can eat with your fingers.然而，有些食物，你可以用手指拿着吃。 27. During the meal, you may be invited to serve yourself (usually the ladies before the gentlemen) by someone who says ―Help yourself‖. 用餐期间，说“随便吃”的某个人可能会让你自己随意吃（通常是女士们优先于男士们）。【Help yourself/yourselves!为固定短语，意为“请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧！” Help yourself/yourselves!意为“随便吃点…吧”。】 introduce oneself自我介绍 dress oneself自己穿衣 by oneself靠某人自己 for oneself为某人自己 teach oneself = learn…by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得开心 look after oneself = take care of oneself照顾自己 21
28. Or you will be served by someone who asks ―would you like some…?‖.或者你会被问“你要来点…吗?‖。【Would you like sth…?句型表示礼貌的请求、建议或邀请。其肯定回答为 ―Yes, please.‖,否定回答为“No, thanks.‖ Would you like another cup of tea? –Yes, please./No, thanks.】 1) What /How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？How about having a cup of tea? 2) Why not do…?= Why don’t you do…? 为什么不…？ Why don’t you get something to drink? 3) You’d better do sth. 你最好做某事。You’d better start early. 4) Shall we do…? 我们…好吗？Shall we listen to some music? 5) Let’s do… 让我们做… Let’s not waste the time. 6) Would you like to do sth.? Would you like to play soccer with us? 7) Could you please do sth.? Could you please sweep the floor? 8) Would you mind doing sth.? Would you mind taking out the trash? 29. No one will be cross. 没有人会生气的。【此处cross是形容词，意为“生气的”。 The old lady was really cross when the boy’s ball broke her window./ All right, you two, don’t get cross with each other. 好了，你们两个不要互相生气了。】 30. If you are offered more food but cannot eat any more, just say, ―No, thanks. It was delicious, but I’ve had enough.‖如果给你提供了更多的食物，但你不能再吃了，只要说：―不，谢谢，很好吃，但我已经饱了。” no more/not…any more no longer/not…any longer 指数量和程度上的―不再（增加）‖ 指时间和距离上的―不再（延长）‖ The baby didn’t cry any more. = The baby no more cried. He didn’t live here any longer. = He no longer lived here. 31. Remember that it is polite to say how much you enjoy every dish when it is served, and how much you have enjoyed the food at the end of a meal. 记住在吃饭的最后说你多么喜欢每道菜，多么喜欢这些食物，这是礼貌的。 at the end of… in the end by the end of 在…末端/尽头 最后；终于 后跟名词或者是名词性短语 The sports meeting was over at the end of the afternoon. 相当于finally, at last;表示事情已Xiaoming passed the exam in 经结束，一般放在句末单独使用 the end. By the end of last week, I had written two books. 到…结束时；到…底为止 后跟名词或名词性短语，常和过去完成时连用 32. It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is over.有时很难知道就餐什么时候结束。【it做形式主句型】 33. If you are invited to dinner by Western friends, you will be expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish is served, and it is not polite if you leave as soon as you finish eating. 如果你被西方朋友邀请，最后一道菜上来后，你将被期望呆在餐桌上谈论很久，如果你一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。 1) expect此处作及物动词，意为“预料，盼望”，常见用法： expect + n./pron. ―预计…可能发生；期待某人或某物‖ expect + to do sth. “期待做某事” I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. ―期待某人做某事‖ Do you expect him to teach you English？ expect+从句 ―预计/料想…‖ I didn’t expect that you would get there so soon. 2) as soon as用作连刺，引导时间状语从句，意为“一…就…；刚…就…‖. As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. 紧接着发生的两个短动作 主从句都用一般过去时 指未发生的动作 He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 34. 在与动词连用时，只能用动词-ing形式的动词及短语常见的有： enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 keep(on) doing sth. 继续/一直做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 have fun doing sth. 高兴做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 look forword to doing sth. 盼望做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 35. Think about Chinese eating customs and write them down.考虑一下中国的饮食习俗并把它们记录下来。 36. Eating customs in China are in some ways different from those in the West.中国的饮食习俗在一些方面与西方的是不同的。 Unit 3 22
37. ―…You can enjoy it using your nose, fingers and tongue instead,‖ promises the restaurant manager. ―…相反你可以用你的鼻子、手指和舌头享受它。‖餐厅经理承诺道。【tongue舌头；mother tongue母语】 1) 句中现在分词形式using…表方式，作句子的状语。Tom came running back to tell me the news. 现在分词作状语，表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为或伴随情况等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。 Being a teacher, you should help your students in every way.(原因) He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done.(结果) Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them.(时间；方式) Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.(条件) 2) promise动词，意为“许诺；答应”。常见搭配有： promise to do sth.“许诺；答应做某事‖；promise sb. to do sth. “许诺；答应某人做某事‖ He promises me to buy a bike as my birthday gift. promise + that从句“许诺/答应…” He promises me that he will buy a bike as my birthday gift.【promise还可以作名词，常见的搭配有：make a promise许诺；keep one’s promise守信。】 38. On my mother’s birthday, my father took us to a lovely restaurant to celebrate. 我妈妈生日时，爸爸带我们去了一家漂亮的餐馆庆祝。【英语中有一些和lovely一样以-ly结尾的词，它们是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly有好的 lively生气勃勃的；lonely 孤独的，寂寞的；brotherly 兄弟般的】 39. We ordered chicken, noodles and soup. 我们点了鸡肉、面条和汤。【order此处作动词，意为“点（酒、菜等）‖，还可作名词，意为 ―点菜‖,常见短语：take one’s order ―点菜”。】 order 订购 book 预定 向商店订购货物，定制衣服，在饭店预订饭菜等 order a suit/ order a meal 用于在电影院、剧院、车站等处“订座，订票‖ I have booked two tickets to New York. 40. Your mother tells me you’re worried about what you should and shouldn’t do as a guest in China.你妈妈告诉我，你担心在中国做客不知道该做什么，不该做什么。 41. You may find it difficult to use chopsticks if you haven’t tried before. 如果你以前没尝试过，你可能发现用筷子很难。【此句为sb. find it+adj.+to do sth.结构，意为“某人发现做某事怎么样”。】 42. It’s a good idea to get some practice beforehand.做一些提前的练习是个好主意。【beforehand adj./adv. 提前】 43. Preparation of a big meal takes a long time and everything will look beautiful, so it’s a good topic of conversation.你准备一顿大餐需要花费很长时间，一切都将看上去很漂亮，所以这是一个交谈的好话题。【It takes/took(sb.)+some time+to do sth. 花费（某人）多少时间做某事。‖】 take 花费（时间） cost pay 花费（金钱等） 付款 it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式 It takes/took(sb.)some time to do sth. spend… on sth./ spend…doing sth. sth. cost(s)sb. some money. sb. pay (s)some money for sth. 主语是物 主语是人 spend 花费（时间、金钱等） 主语是人 44. You’d better join in the conversation and say how much you like it.你最好加入这个谈话，说说你有多喜欢它。【you’d better…为固定句型，意为“你最好…”，后接动词原形。 You’d是You had的缩写形式。had better的否定式：将否定副词not直接放在had better的后面 You had better not miss the last bus. join the conversation加入谈话】 45. At the end of the meal, you will usually be served with fruit.就餐结束后，通常会提供给你水果。 46. 加上-ful后缀构成的形容词： thank-thankful 感激的，感谢的 use-useful 有用的 wonder- wonderful 令人惊奇的 forget-forgetful 健忘的 success-successful 成功的 care-careful 细心的 harm-harmful 有害的 47. In the US, sixteenth birthday parties are usually important celebrations for teenagers.在美国，十六岁的生日聚会对青少年来说通常是很重要的庆祝活动。 48. That is because the sixteenth birthday is their first step towards being an adult.那是因为十六岁生日是他们迈向成年的第一步。 towards 表示径直面对 表示面对抽象事物，如态度 to 只表示去一个目的地 Jean moved towards the door. What is your opinion towards the question? This road leads to Paris. 49. Everyone dresses up and looks beautiful. 每个人都盛装打扮，看起来很漂亮。【dress up为固定短语，意为“装扮；乔装打扮‖。】 23
1) dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress oneself自己穿衣服 She hurriedly dressed her son and drove him to the nearest hospital. 2) get dressed 穿上衣服 3) dress up as…打扮成…，装扮成… 50. People give gifts to the sixteen-year-olds.【sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old teenager. 此外，Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy. = Li Bo is a boy of 10 years old.】 51. precious珍贵的
24
Module 7 重点单词/短语 Achieve, including, quarter, not that good, keep on doing sth., be used as, either…or…, so that…, instead of, be based on, make progress (in) 重点句型 语法复习 It’s also the subject that I’m best at, although my spoken English is not that. 状语从句；动词不定式的用法 Unit 1 1. make a list of tips for learning English 制定学习英语的提示列表【tip n.小费；小窍门】 2. Have you ever been to an English corner?你曾经去过英语角吗？ 3. 关于speak的用法： speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有：speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）；speak to sb. 跟某人讲话，此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗？ She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话 4. do English exercises做英语练习 5. written/spoken English书面/口语英语【spoken是speak的形容形式，意为“口语的；口头的”。speaking也是speak的形容词形式，常与表示语言的词一起组成形容词。an English-speaking country】 6. How has Tony’s dad made progress in learning Chinese?托尼的爸爸在学习汉语方面是怎样取得的进步？ 【make (much) progress：取得(很多)进步；make (great) progress in +方面 在某方面取得很大进步 我们在英语方面已经取得了很大进步。We have made great progress in English.】 7. according to (介词to)根据；按照 8. What do you need to do [to be good at a foreign language]?你需要做什么才能擅长一门外语？【不定式作目的状语】 9. How much progress (do you think) you’ve made in English this year?你觉得今年在英语方面你取得了多大的进步？ 10. I think I’ve achieved a lot.【achieve: gain or reach something usually by effort, skill, courage.（通常借努力、技巧、勇气等）获得或达到（某事物）。名词：achievement成就，业绩。当其意为―成就；业绩‖时是可数名词，当其意为―实现；成功‖时为不可数名词。 achieve a lot 获得很多；achieve one’s goal 达到某人的目标 By working hard we can achieve anything. 通过努力学习，我们可以取得任何成就。 If you work hard, you’ll achieve success. 如果你努力，你就可以获得成功。 achieve, earn, get, win区别： achieve指克服困难之后而获得 earn指通过努力而获得 get可指主动争取，也可指被动接受，有时不一定需要很大努力就能获得 win指在竞争、比赛、争论或战斗中击败对手而赢得胜利，可以通过努力获得，也可以偶然获得】 11. I hope my English is good enough for the exams, anyway.不管怎样，我希望我的英语能足够应付考试。 12. It’s also the subject (that I’m best at), although my spoken English is not that good.它也是我最擅长的科目，尽管我的英语口语不是太好。【…is not that good不是那么好。That在这里是用作副词，意思是“那么；那样”，主要用于口语中。Is the problem that easy?问题有那么简单吗？】 13. Some People think English is too difficult and requires too much effort to learn it well.一些人认为英语太难而且学好它需要太多的努力。【require too much effort需要太多的努力/付出】 require有两种用法 1. require doing = require to be done 要求被The floor requires washing. 2. be required to do sth.表示主语必须（被要求）...如： Students are required to attend classes. 学生必须按规定上课 All passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有乘客都必须出示车票。 14. English is difficult to learn at the beginning.英语是一门初学起来很难的语言。 15. But if you keep trying, you can make progress quickly and find a lot of fun in learning it.但是如果你坚持不懈地努力，你能快速取得进步并找到学习它的许多乐趣。【keep doing sth.坚持做某事。强调状语的继续,常与表示延续动作的动词与静止状态的动词连用,如(hope, think, wonder, dream, sit, stand, lie, sleep等)He kept talking until the meeting was over.他一直在说,直到会议结束.He kept eating/ smiling/ walking.他一直在吃/笑/走. keep on doing sth.表示动作25
反复,强调动作与动作之间有间隔,常与表示短暂动作的动词连用.―坚持做某事‖,克服困难继续坚持. He kept on ringing me up, but I don't want to keep in touch with him any more.他不断地给我打电话,可我不想和他保持联系了。】【have/find fun (in) doing sth. 表示―做某事有乐趣‖。I had great fun playing cards with them.】 16. I hope I can continue to make progress next year.【continue to do继续做另一件事情（已经完成一件工作） After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends.他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。 continue doing继续做同一件事（还没完成）After a rest, he continues his reading.稍事休息后，他继续看书。】 17. You mean, those clubs where people go to practise their English?你指的是人们去练习英语的那些俱乐部吗？ you mean ―你意思是说…?‖，常用于口语中，用于核实你确实听懂了某人所说的话。例如： I know what you mean. What do you mean? —Do you remember Jane? —The woman we met in Scotland, you mean? 动词mean在口语中有很多搭配： I’ll take that sandwich away if you don’t eat it properly —I mean it! (我是认真的) Yes, I see what you mean. That would be the best way to do it. (我明白你的意思) I’m sorry, I didn’t mean it--- it was just a stupid thing to say. (我不是有意的) 18. include, including, included区别： 1. include是动词，可以在句中充当谓语。The price【主语】for the hotel【（修饰主语的后置）定语】includes【谓语】breakfast【宾语】. 2. including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当做介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是―包括...在内‖。例：There are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee and ice. 3. 同样，included也有介词用法，且：including+宾语=宾语+included. There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. = There are 40 students in the classroom, me included. 19. I can speak English with you whenever we meet. whenever adv (no matter when) 无论什么时候，无论何时 无论你什么时候做这工作，都要按时完成。Whenever you do the work, you must finish it on time. no matter wh-- = wh--ever 不管… 连接让步状语从句时，however, wherever …之类的结构在口语中可用no matter how / where…结构替代。如： No matter who you are, you should obey the law. ＝ Whoever you are, you should obey the law. Wherever you are, you can hear people speaking English.＝No matter where you are, you can…speaking English. 20. at the same time同时；help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事 21. I think Chinese will be more and more popular in the future. more and more+ 多音节形容词原级，表示―越来越…‖ 我们的城市越来越美丽。Our city is getting more and more beautiful 汉语变得越来越重要。Chinese is becoming more and more important. 22. English may not be difficult to learn as long as you keep on trying.只要你坚持不懈地努力，英语可能不难学。 23. 生词：predict预言；预测 Unit 2 24. How did English become an international language?英语是如何成为一门国际语言的？ 25. When do you think Chinese will become an international language?什么时候汉语会成为一门国际语言。 26. English is spoken by about 400 million people, mostly in… most: (1) adj. 最多的，大部分的 Most students are studying English hard now. 现在大多数学生都在努力学习英语。 (2) n.[U] 最大多数，大部分 Most of what he says is true. 他说的话大部分是真实的。 (3) adv. 最，最为 Of my school subjects, history is the one I like most.学校里的课程，历史是我最喜欢的一门。 mostly: adv. 主要地，大多 I sometimes stay at home on Sundays, but mostly I go to the parks. 星期天我有时候呆在家里，但多数是到公园去。 almost: adv. 几乎；近于 He is almost two metres tall. 他差不多有两米高。 at most: 不多于，最多，最大不过 We can stay for two days at most. 我们最多能呆两天。 27. In Ghana, India and Singapore, English is used as a working language,…【注意used后面所接的介词，be used as 表示―用作…‖ 。be used for 表示用于某种目的。English is widely used for business.】 26
28. …it will be quite possible for them to meet people from other countries.【句型：it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.】 29. They will need a common language to communicate with each other.【a common language一门共同语言；communicate with…与…交流】 30. English is now used by nearly a quarter of the world’s population…四分之一的英语现在被世界人口的四分之一使用。 【a quarter= one fourth；three quarters = three fourths四分之三】 31. there is a chance that +从句 / to do sth. 有机会做…… There is a chance that you can pass the exam. = There is a chance for you to pass the exam. there is a chance that + 从句 = sb. have a chance to do sth. There is a chance that you can pass the exam. = You have a chance to pass the exam. 32. The reason why English is spoken everywhere is that in the nineteenth century, English became the language of the world trade.各地讲英语的理由是在19世纪英语成为世界贸易的语言 。 【the reason why +结果…is that +原因…。意为“…的原因是…”。注意：在表示―…的原因是…‖这个意思时，不能说：the reason is because…，而应该用the reason is that +原因…。 The reason why he didn’t come here today(果) is that he is ill. He doesn’t come here today. The reason is that he’s ill(因).】 33. And in the twentieth century, the US spread English to the world through newspapers, television and films.【spread传播；伸开，其过去式、过去分词为spread。spread…to…把…传播到…】 34. It is also important to know that English has borrowed many words from other languages,…【borrow…from…从…借…】 35. Will the importance of English last?【last v. 持续，坚持。last + 时间段/表时间的副词。The travel lasted for one year and I went back to my hometown in 1999. 固定搭配：the importance of sth.意为“…的重要性”。As a student we must realize the importance of honesty and try our best to be an honest man.】 36. As China continues to grow, many people think that Chinese will become as common as English by the middle of the twenty-first century.随着中国持续发展壮大，许多人认为，到21世纪中期，汉语将会变得和英语一样普遍。 37. More and more schools in Europe are teaching with some European languages.【together with还有；连同…一起。当其作主语时，用就远原则。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing.】 38. at least至少 At least there are 20 students in this class coming from America. 反义词组: at most至多 39. The British, the Indians and the Chinese all help make it a rich language.【the + 国家人，谓语动词用复数原则。】 40. make用作使役动词表示 “使；使成为” 时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下： 一、“make＋宾语＋n.” 意为“使/让某人/某物(成为)…”。如：We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 二、“make＋宾语＋adj.” 意为 “使某人 / 某事(变得)…”。如： The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 提示：当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。如： The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 三、“make＋宾语＋do sth.（不带to的不定式）”意为 “使某人做某事”。如：Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。 提示：在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式to要还原。如：The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。相关链接：have, make, let等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。如：Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗？ 四、“make＋宾语＋Ved（过去分词作宾补）”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作，表示被动的意思，意为“使某人/某事被…”。如：The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 提示：通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾补的动词要用过去分词，即：make oneself＋V-ed （heard, known, understood）。如：He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。 但有时，根据句子意思也可用其他形式。如：The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。 27
五、“make+宾语+V-ing（现在分词）”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人 / 某事一直在…”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如：He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。 链接：常接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, make等使役动词。 提示：现在分词作宾补和不带to的不定式作宾补的区别是：现在分词一般表示动作正在进行，而不带to的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。如：I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行) I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成) 41. Even though we speak different types of English, we are all part of an international club.尽管我们说着不同种类的英语，但我们都是一个国际俱乐部的一部分。【even though = even if 即使，尽管。Even if you have never failed the exam, you should prepare for it well. 尽管你从不考试不及格，但是你也应该为考试做好准备。】 42. 生词：attract v.吸引；based on在…的基础上；conclusion结论 43. Write an introduction to state your point of view陈述你的观点 44. Use facts to support your opinions用事例自持你的观点 Unit 3 45. The adverbial Clause 状语从句的分类： (1) 时间状语从句连词：when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as 等。 例如：My father took the photos when we lived in Hong Kong. You’re not going out until you’ve finished this. (2)地点状语从句连词：where 例如：We must camp where we can get water. (3)条件状语从句连词：if 例如：If he leaves the vegetables with the goat, the goat will eat them. (4)比较状语从句连词：than, as 例如：The cost of the repairs was a lot of cheaper than I thought. (5)目的状语从句连词：so that, in order that 例如：I’ve brought some photos so that you can see what Britain looks like. (6)原因状语从句连词：because, since, as 例如：Mark could not come because he had to work. (7)结果状语从句连词：so … that … 例如：He got up so late that he missed the first train. (8)让步状语从句连词：although, though 例如：Although the car is old, it still runs well. 46. Many Confucius Institutes have been set up around the world because more and more people want to learn Chinese.许多孔子学院在世界各地建立起来，因为越来越多的人想学习汉语。 47. I will make great progress if you help me learn English.如果你帮我学习英语，我会取得大的进步。 48. I advise you to go to an English corner so that you can improve your listening and speaking.我建议你去英语角，一边你能提高你的听力和口语水平。【advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事；advice不可数名词；ask for advice征求意见；follow/take one’s advice接受某人建议】 49. In order to improve his English, my uncle took every chance to talk to people in Australia while he was working there.【in order to do sth.为了…；take a/the chance to do sth.抓住机会做某事】 50. You need to practise speaking every day if you want to improve your spoken English.如果你想提高口语，你需要每天练习说。 51. English is easy to learn if you practice and revise every day.如果你每天练习加复习，英语是容易学地。 52. She is a bright and hardworking student, and we are very proud of her at this school.她是一位聪明有勤奋的学生，在学校我们都已她为荣。 53. Ned needs to make an effort to improve his handwriting.【make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事】 54. All (he needs) 定语从句is a few minutes on it every day. 55. Toby seems not to be as interested in schoolwork as he is in sport.【seem的用法：1.主语+seem+(to be)+表语。He seems (to be) a very clever boy. 2.主语+seem+to do sth.。The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 3.it seems+that从句。It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 4.There seems to be+名词。 There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team.】 56. He will make good progress in all his subjects if he works harder.如果他更努力，他将在所有科目将有好的进步。 57. You need to have a good knowledge of the way that words are written.【have a knowledge of sth.知道；了解；对…熟悉。She has a good knowledge of French.】 58. There are a lot of good websites (that you can learn from).有许多你可以从中学习的好的网站。 59. Instead of worrying, let’s go on with the lesson.不用担心了，让我们继续学习吧。 60. Most of the people on the earth do not speak English as either their first or second language.地球上绝大多数人不把英28
语作为他们的第一或第二语言来讲。【either…or…就近原则】 61. well-educated people有文化的人；illiterate文盲 62. A world language would ease human communication.一种世界语言会减轻人类的沟通。 ease n.[U] 1. 容易;不费力;自在,不拘束Their team won the game with ease.他们队轻松地赢了那场比赛。 2. 舒适;悠闲The retired couple lived a life of ease.这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活。 vt. 1. 减轻,缓和The aspirin eased his headache.阿斯匹灵减轻了他的头痛。 2. 使安心,使舒适I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.我告诉她孩子们平安无恙,让她安心。 vi.减轻;缓和;放松[(+off)] The relationship between these two countries has eased.两国之间的关系有所缓和。 easy a. 1. 容易的;不费力的[+to-v] This is not an easy task.这不是件容易的差事。 2. 安逸的,安乐的;宽裕的The rich young woman has an easy life.那位富有的年轻女人过着舒适的生活。 3. 宽容的,不苛求的Go easy on them, please.请对他们宽容一些。 adv.不费力地;从容地 Change does not come easy.改变现状并非易事。 63. be based on/base on基于 We must base ourselves on the interests of the people.我们一定要从人民的利益出发。 Action should be based on solid facts.行动应有确凿的事实为依据。 64. …it is unlikely to become a world language.它不太可能成为一门世界语言。【常用结构：it’s likely/unlikely to do sth.或it’s likely/unlikely that从句。It is unlikely to rain. It was unlikely that he would win the race.】
29
Module 8 重点单词/短语 beat, pardon, intend, fetch, disappointed, laugh at, try one’s best; wake up, give up 重点句型 I still can’t run fast enough, but I’ve learnt to try my best, not only with running but with whatever else I want to do. I’m sure you will be good at music. Mark tells people that he is very happy about his choice. 宾语从句、定语从句的用法。 语法复习 Unit 1 1. Why does Betty refuse to eat before she leaves?贝蒂在离开前为什么拒绝吃东西？【refuse后可加名词，代词，动词不定式，常用结构refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事】 【只接动词不定式：hope, wish, desire, agree, promise, demand, ask, refuse, manage, learn, decide, pretend ,refuse】 2. …I feel a bit sad. I don’t know when we will be back in this hall together again.但是我感到有点儿难过。不知道什么时候我们能重回这个大厅相聚在一起。a bit和a little区别： a bit与a little都可作程度副词，表示“稍微、一点儿”的意思，修饰动词、形容词、比较级等，二者可以互换。例如：Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?(修饰动词) She’s a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.(修饰形容词) Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.(修饰比较级) 。不同之处 1.a little可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit修饰不可数名词时，只能用a bit of。例如：Tom has a little money./Tom has a bit of money. 2.a bit和a little与not连用时，意思完全不同。not a bit＝not at all，意为“一点也不”；not a little＝very much，意为“十分、相当”。 3. I’m going to miss you all.【miss v.想念/错过，后接动名词。】 4. You’ve hung international flags on the walls!你在墙上挂上了各国的国旗，它们使大厅看起来非常棒。【hang—hanged—hanged上吊；hang—hung—hung悬挂】 5. They make the hall look wonderful.【make+宾语+V.】 6. Listen to the music. It’s got a great beat!听音乐！节奏太棒!【beat打，敲打，（心脏）跳动，打败（对手），（风、雨等）吹打。In yesterday’s games, Switzerland beat the United States two-one. My wife tried to stop them and they beat her. The rain was beating on the windowpanes. His heart was beating fast then.】 7. Do you intend to stay in China for long?你打算在中国待很久吗？【intend to do sth. = intend doing sth.打算做某事。拓展：intend—intention意图；目的。for long adv.长久；long for渴望】 8. Even if I go back to…【even if意为“即使”，让步状语从句: I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail ten times.】 9. Pardon？你能再说一遍吗？（1) 没听清对方的话，有礼貌的请求重复一遍。（2）表示道歉，“原谅，饶恕” 10. Let’s fetch something to eat.我们去拿些吃的吧 辨析：take, bring, fetch (get)与carry take bring “带走；拿走”由近及远。 “拿来；带来”由远及近。 fetch(get) carry “去拿来”强调来回。 “搬运；提拿”不强调方向性。 11. What’s on the menu?菜单上有什么？ 12. Let’s raise our glasses.让我们举起酒杯。【区别在于：raise是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语。而rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。另外，rise可以表示太阳的升起，比如日出：sun rise；常用rise表示起立或着起床。 1.raise 提起，使升高，筹款，召集，提出，养育。如：raise one’s hand 举手; raise a building 造起一座房子; raise one’s voice提高嗓音; raise a question 提出问题2.rise 上升，升高，上涨，指有形的东西。如：The sun rises in the east.】 13. Here’s to our friendship,…【Here’s to…意为“为…而干杯；祝（某人）…”。其中to是介词，后面接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。Here’s to the health.为健康干杯。】 Unit 2 14. I’m very proud that you have chosen me to speak to you today.【be proud of/that“为…而自豪”。相当于take pride in. 注意：speak to sb.用法的考题：Do you know the man ______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke E. whom/who I spoke to F. to whom I spoke to G. to who I spoke to 15. These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three things that I have learnt.这些玫瑰是用来表达对三组人的谢意，因为我从他们那里学到了最重要的三件事。【thank...for...为...感谢.... Thank you for giving me so much help.拓展：thanks (to sb.) for sth/doing sth.为名词短语。―对某人做了某事而表示感谢‖. Thanks for listening to my lecture.】 16. These three things are friendship, effort and trust.这三件事是：友谊，努力和信任。 17. But they were not laughing at me.【laugh at嘲笑】 18. They taught me to say many things in Chinese and kindly invited me to join them.他们教我很多东西，而且亲切地邀请30
我加入他们。【teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事；teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself自学；invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事】 19. Today, thanks to their kindness…多亏了他们的善良。【thanks to多亏】 20. I give the white rose to my teachers, who have taught me that there is no success without effort.我把白玫瑰送给我的老师，他们教会我，没有努力就没有成功。【who引导的非限制性定语从句。without prep.“没有”，其后接名词、代词、动名词。】 21. I still can’t run fast enough, but I’ve learnt to try my best, not only with running but with whatever else I want to do. 我仍然跑得不足够快，但是我学会尽最大的努力去做事，这不仅仅体现在跑步上，而且还体现在我想做的其他任何事情上。【try one’s best to do sth. or try one’s best with sth. ―竭尽全力做某事‖。not only…but (also)…不但…而且…(就近原则)。whatever为宾语从句的连接代词，意为“无论什么”。】 else other “别的；其他”，通常用于不定代词或疑问词之后。 Is there anything else in the box? “别的，其余的”，通常用于名词之前。 What other things do you want? 22. I always finished last and I just wanted to give up.【give up放弃】give相关词组： give away分发，赠送。如：He gave away all his money to the poor. 他把所有的钱都给了穷人。 泄漏，暴露。如： He gave away the secret through carelessness. 他一时大意，泄露了秘密。 give in上交。如：Give in your examination papers now. 现在请把考卷交上来。 让步，投降。如：The enemy were at last forced to give in. 敌人终于被迫投降。 give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)。如： The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体有一种难闻的气味。give out分发，散发。如：The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老师把试卷发了下来。 用完，耗尽。如：My patience at last gave out. 我终于失去了耐心。 23. I give the yellow rose to my parents for teaching me that love is about trust.【介词for在此表示原因。】 24. I was disappointed.我失望了。【disappoint v.失望；disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的；disappointing adj.令人失望的; disappointment n.失望。拓展: be disappointed in/with sb.对某人感到失望；sb. be disappointed at/ about (doing sth.)对做某事感到失望。My parents will be disappointed with/in me if I fail in the exam. He was disappointed about/at not being able to go.】 25. Then, on the morning of…, I woke up to find a new violin at my beside.【在具体的某天上午/下午/晚上时用介词on。 wake up不及物动词短语，“醒来”。还可作及物动词短语，意为“叫醒某人”，代词作宾语时放在短语中间。 On Sunday mornings I usually wake up late. Remember to wake me up at five tomorrow morning. 辨析：beside, besides, except, expect beside“在…旁边”。Besides“除了(包含在内)”。except“除了(不包括在内)”。expect“盼望”。】 26. I am sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years, and the people whom you want to thank for it.我相信，你们大家都有自己的关于过去三年的幸福记忆，你们也都有为此而想要感谢的人。 【one’s own+名词，意为“某人自己的…”】 关于sure的用法： 1.主语+be sure of...意为“确信无疑”。He is sure of success. 2.主语+be sure to do sth.意为“必定/一定会…”。It is sure to rain. 3.主语+be sure that宾语从句。意为“确信某事一定会…”。I’m sure that he must make great progress this term. 4.Be sure (not) to do sth.意为“一定(不)要做某事”。Be sure not to forget to tell him the news. 27. We will always stay in touch 我们会一直保持联系。stay in touch = keep in touch (with sb.)保持联系 get in touch (with sb.) = be in touch (with sb.)（跟某人）有联系；lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系。 28. …do not write the speech in full—just make notes.【in full以全文=in detail】 29. …you will sound much more natural.【sound(感官动词)+adj.。much在此修饰形容词的比较级。】 Unit 3 30. Many students are worried about the future.【be worried about担心…】 31. But we are also excited about taking a new step in our lives.【be excited about对…感兴奋；take a new step迈上新一步】 32. It reminds us to try our best, and to never give up.它会提醒我们尽最大努力，从不放弃。【remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事】 33. It’ll match your clothes.它会与你的新衣服匹配。 34. a vocational school职业学校 31
35. in modern society在现代社会 36. …I was better at doing things than at reading books.【注意介词的使用】 37. I had to decide how I wanted to make a living in the future.我得决定将来我想如何谋生。【make a living by…谋生(靠)】 38. I’m the sort of person who is good at making things with my hands.我是那种靠我双手做事的人。【sort相当于kind意为“类别，种类”。】 39. Mark tells people that he is very happy about his choice.马克告诉人们他对他的选择感到很满意。【be happy about sth.对…满意】 40. He also considers that he has a bright future ahead of him.他还认为他前面有一个光明的未来。【consider“认为；考虑”。短语：consider doing sth.。ahead of“在…之前；比…强”。He was always ahead of his time.他总是走在时代的前头。 He is ahead of me in English.他的英语比我强。】 41. 生单词：supervise监督；指导 42. 宾语从句和定语从句图解： 宾语从句： V (Wh.. V.) prep. (Wh.. V.) (括号部分 V sb. (Wh.. V.) 皆为从句) V + it + adj. + (Wh.. V.) be + adj. (Wh.. V.) 定语从句： N（Wh.. V.） 宾语从句的引导词（354形式）： 3.从属连词[不做成分]：that, if, whether 5.连接代词[做主、宾、表、定]：who(指人做主), whom(指人做宾), which(定), whose(定), what(指物做主、宾、表) 4.连接副词[做状语]：when, where, why, how 定语从句的引导词（53形式）：： 5.关系代词[做主、宾、表、定：who(指人做主), whom(指人做宾), which(指物做主、宾、表、定), whose(定), that(指人或物做主、宾、表) 3.关系副词[做状语]：when, where, why Revision module B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The UK is made up of a group of islands.英国由一群岛屿组成。【be made up of由…组成】 separate…from…把…从…隔开 物+run out = 人+run out of+物：―用光某物‖ I have been in China for more than two months now.现在我已经来中国两个多月了。 I do have some problems living in China.我住在中国确实有一些问题。【固定用法：have problems/difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有问题/困难】
****初三上重点：**** 词组：in one’s opinion; give up (doing) sth.; as well as; on one’s own; be about to do sth.; fill…with=be filled with=be full of; compare…with…; get into the habit of doing sth.; more…than…; pay for; stand for; encourage sb. to do sth.; set up; take pride in; put up; look through; as a result; cancel = put off; even if/though; congratulations to sb. on sth.; divide…into…; throw away; change…into…; take steps; look forward to doing sth.; make progress; try…out; take care of; find out; give up; tidy up; come around; make sense 句子： 1. But in my opinion, man-made wonders are more exciting than natural ones. 2. Whatever she does, she never gives up! 3. Deng says that she isn’t cleverer than anyone else, but she has a very strong will. 4. They learnt English by listening to the radio.【by“通过、靠”】 5. Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. 6. Parents should not manage everything for their children. 7. I want you to get into the habit of doing your homework as soon as you come home from school. 8. The reason is that he thinks something will go wrong if I play games on it. 9. Liu was encouraged at first to train for the high jump. 32
10. But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great pride in him. 11. They’ll be put up on the school website. 12. I’m sure you’re in with a chance. 13. We need to take some steps to reduce pollution. 14. I really don’t think you should go to the library so much. 15. It’s no use talking about things we can’t do. ****初三下重点：**** 词组：succeed in doing sth.; as long as; once a term; speak up; more than; see/hear sb./sth. do/doing/done; reach out; say yes/no to…; be cross; the reason why…is that…; together with; above all; all one’s life; intend to do sth.; invite sb. to do sth.; look up; make sure; manage to do sth.; not only…but also…; pick up; pull away; refuse to do sth.; take place; to one’s surprise; watch out; try one’s best to do sth.; thanks to 句子： 1. When it comes to learning, the environment has a big part to play. 2. You mustn’t go off on your own. 3. Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 4. It’s also the subject that I’m best at, although my spoken English is not that good. 5. There’s nothing to worry about as long as you work hard. 6. He is more than a coach. He is a friend. 7. It’s nothing serious. 8. Did you say yes to her invitation? 9. When in Rome, do as Romans do. 10. The reason why he does not come here today is that he is ill. 11. There is no success without effort. 12. I woke up to find a beautiful violin at my beside. 13. I still can’t run fast enough, but I’ve learnt to try my best, not only with running, but with whatever else I want to do. 14. I’m sure you’ll be good at music.
33
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容