2019年高考英语词汇考查 题型练Unit3Ahealthylife含解析新人教版选修6

Unit 3

李仕才

一、词汇复习

（一）单句语法填空

1． ________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

答案：Ignoring 设空处位于句首，考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语，再分析句子成分，句中已有谓语动词will be，句中缺少的是主语，再根据句意可知应用动名词形式。句意为：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________ the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。

2．(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

答案：living 分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges，从而判断此处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系，最后确定填现在分词形式。句意为：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故填living作后置定语。

3．(2015·北京，21改编)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

答案：to catch to catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。

4．(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

答案：enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。

5．(2015·天津，5改编)________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.

答案：Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。

（二）英汉互译

1. cigarette n. __________

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2. alcohol n. __________ 3. alcoholic adj. __________ 4. abuse n. & vt. __________ 5. △fitness n. __________ 6. △sexual adj. __________ 7. stress n. vt. __________ 8. △stressful adj. __________ 9. △obesity n. __________

10. adolescent n. adj. __________ 11. adolescence n. __________ 12. ban vt. n. __________ 13. due adj. __________ 14. due to __________

15. tough adj. __________ 16. addicted adj. __________ 17. addicted to __________ 18. △nicotine n. __________ 19. accustom vt. __________ 20. accustomed adj. __________ 21. accustomed to __________ 22. withdrawal n. __________

23. △bad-tempered adj. __________ 24. automatic adj__________.

25. automatically adv. __________ 26. mental adj. __________ 27. mentally adv. __________ 28. quit vt. __________ 29. effect n. __________ 30. lung n. __________

31. pregnant adj. __________ 32. abnormal adj. __________ 33. breathless adj. __________ 34. unfit adj. __________

35. strengthen vt. vi. __________ 36. △resolve n. __________ 37. decide on __________ 38. packet n. __________

39. feel like (doing) __________ 40. △relaxation n. __________ 41. desperate adj. __________ 42. chemist n. __________ 43. △gum n. __________ 44. △chewing gum __________

45. disappointed adj. __________

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46. △weaken vi. vt. __________ 47. ashamed adj. __________ 48. comprehension n. __________ 49. in spite of __________

50. take risks (a risk) __________ 51. get into 陷入；染上__________ 52. etc (et cetera) adv. __________

53. appendix(复数-dixes, -dices）n. __________ 54. illegal adj. __________ 55. pill n. __________

56. △robbery n. __________ 57. △slippery adj. __________ 58. at risk __________

59. △immune adj__________. 60. survival n. __________ 61. sex n. __________ 62. △fluid n. __________ 63. △inject vt. __________ 64. △injection n. __________ 65. needle n. __________

66. △spill （spilt, spilt） vi. vt. __________ 67. male adj. n. __________ 68. female adj. n. __________ 69. △condom n. __________

70. △homosexual n. adj. __________ 71. prejudice n. __________ 72. judgement n. __________ abortion n. __________ 73. cigar n. __________

74. embarrassed adj. __________ 75、awkward adj. __________ 二、阅读理解 A

Recent months have seen a revival of the humble(普通的)bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing pedaling(骑车)instead of driving to school, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing systems, services in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals who do not own them and pioneered by start-ups like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.

Washington D. C. has one of the biggest bike sharing systems in the US with 3, 700 bikes and 440 stations. The UK, France and Germany all have growing programs. However, China, so far, outdoes(超过)them all by operating three out of four of the

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world’s shard bikes.

People can unlock the shard bikes by simply using their smartphone. The bikes are equipped with GPS and users of China’s versions can leave bikes anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem, which refers to the final leg of a person’s journey.

However, the Chinese programs have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破坏)and theft. In fact, these problems are also shared by bike-sharing programs abroad. Launched in 2007, Véilb is a large-scale public bike sharing system in Paris. At its early stage of operation, it also suffered from problems of vandalism or theft. By Oct 2009, a large number of Vélib’s initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft, according to The New York Times.

To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0. 5-1 yuan.

1.What can we learn about bike sharing systems? A. They offer free bike rides. B. They are running perfectly. C. China operates the biggest system. D. France was the first to launch the system.

2.As a means of transportation, bike-sharing can be best described as _______. A. promising but expensive.

B. convenient and eco-friendly.

D. troublesome and

C. eco-friendly but ineffective. meaningless.

3.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Shared Bikes Pedal into Style. B. Problems with Bikes in China.

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C. Shared Bikes Attract Young People. D. Transportation Changes with the Times.

【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，并介绍了它的优缺点。

2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知共享单车方便而且环保，故选B。

3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，与A项一

致，故选A。 B

Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying by the second. The main purpose of bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, does not exist for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young bees to grow.

According to National Honey Board, the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year. These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.

So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key suspect seems to be pesticides(农药). Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological(神经系统的) functions, specifically memory or behavior. And that’s why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the

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destruction of natural habitats, like woodlands, forests, and other habitats for bees. Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population.

Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee­friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。

1．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives? A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume. B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees.

C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger. D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。

2．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that ． A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops

C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year

C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。

3．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind? A．The lack of food. B．The abuse of pesticides. C．The fighting among bees.

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D．The destruction of the habitats.

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to

pesticides...And that’s why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。

4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A．Another way to save bees. B．Other tips for choosing seeds.

C．More methods to plant green organic fruits. D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population.

A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee­friendly plants.”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。

三、七选五

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3

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No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

5 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

A. It all depends on your character.

B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。 1.F 【解析】选项F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂与上文的＂weigh the risk and the

reward＂相呼应，故F项符合语境。

2.C 【解析】选项C中的＂Being better at those things＂与上文的＂were better at

hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼应，因此选C。

3.A 【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A

项＂这完全是由你的性格决定的＂符合语境。

4.E 【解析】根据上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for

new experiences...＂可知E项符合语境。

5.G 【解析】根据空后的＂For the risk-seekers...becomes active＂可知，此处讲的

是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。

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