大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷125(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷125 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation

Part I Writing 1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1．大学校园里学生追求名牌的现象越来越常见；2．很多人对此很反对：3．你的看法。

正确答案： University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands Now discussions about brand names have become one of the college students’ favorite pastimes. About this current mindset of the college students, many people may hasten to show their disapproval. They’ll probably take it to be a reflection of the students’ vanity and superficiality. And they may lecture them on the virtue of being thrifty. However, I beg on differ. For one thing, name-brand products are usually quality products. “The love of beauty is common to all,” goes the proverb; therefore, there’s nothing to blame about the pursuit of famous brands. For another, college students are old enough to make their own decisions. If they let their pursuit of brands eat into their budget for other more important issues, they should be able to correct their mistakes and keep everything in moderation. So this becomes no other than a good chance to learn management, isn’t it?

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down. M: I’m sorry to hear it, but you can always rent one if you have a license. Q: What does the man mean?

2．

A．She can use his car.

B．She can borrow someone else’s car. C．She must get her car fixed. D．She can’t borrow his car.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。男士的意思是如果女士有驾驶证，完全可以租一辆车。说明

他不愿意把他的车借给女士。所以选D。

听力原文：W: If I were you, I would have accepted the job.M: I turned down the offer because it would mean “frequent business trips away from my family”. Q: Why didn’t the man accept the job?

3．

A．Because he doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to. B．Because he doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job. C．Because he thinks the pay is too low to support his family. D．Because he wants to spend more time with his family.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。女士话中的虚拟语气表示她不赞同男士拒绝这份工作，男士的回答是这份工作意味着要经常出差，言外之意就是他和家人待在一起的时间就少了，故答案选D。

听力原文：W: My father is very sick these days. He coughs so badly. M: To my mind, he really should listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking. Q: What does the man think the woman’s father should do?

4．

A．Go and see a doctor. B．Stop smoking at once. C．Take some medicine.

D．Reduce the amount of smoking.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。男士认为女士的父亲应该听医生的话，少抽烟。cut downon意为“减少……”，等于答案中的reduce，本题是听力中典型的“同义互换”。

听力原文：M: Susan, have you read the notice on the bulletin board? I’ve won the scholarship for the next semester. W: I knew you would. You certainly deserved it. Q: What does the woman mean?

5．

A．She has confidence in him. B．She is surprised at the news. C．She has also won a scholarship. D．She isn’t interested in this news.

正确答案：A

解析：语义题。knew(知道用的是过去时，可以推测Susan已经猜到男士会拿到下学期的奖学金。根据You certainly deserved it可知，Susan认为男士得奖学金是理所应当的。

听力原文：M: Linda is very quiet. But her brother talks too much. W: Yes, you

are right and he isn’t friendly either. Q: What’s their opinion of Linda’s brother?

6．

A．He doesn’t like to talk. B．He is a very kind man. C．He is friendly.

D．He is not a pleasant person.

正确答案：D

解析：态度题。男士认为Linda的哥哥话比较多，女士也赞同，并且觉得他哥哥也不友好。因此可知他哥哥不是一个令人喜欢的人，故选D。

听力原文：M: What do you want me to get? I’m leaving now.W: Pick up a box of chocolate and a tube of toothpaste, please. Q: Where is the man probably going?

7．

A．To the bank. B．To a restaurant. C．To the grocer’s. D．To a bookstore.

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。女士要男士买“一盒巧克力，一管牙膏”，可以推断出男士要去杂货店，故选C。

听力原文：M: I wonder whether it would be possible to change this double room to two single rooms. W: Sorry, sir. All the single rooms are occupied. But if you like, I can check with the Grand Hotel to see if they have any. Q: What’s the woman going to do for the man?

8．

A．Try to help him to book another room in her hotel. B．Check his information to see if he has booked a room. C．Show him the way to the Grand Hotel. D．Help him to find rooms in another hotel.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据对话，女士说单问现在都订满了，但是她可以帮忙询问格兰德饭店是否有顾客需要的房间。故选D。But后常是说话者的重点内容，也是听力考试重要的答案所在。

听力原文：W: Let’s go shopping after dinner.M: Well, I’ll go with you if you really want to, but to be honest, I’m a little bit tired. Q: What can be inferred from the man’s talk?

9．

A．The man would rather have dinner than go shopping. B．The man is too tired to go shopping.

C．The man wants to go shopping.

D．The woman wants to go out for dinner.

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。男士说，如果你真想去的话我就陪你去，但是，说实话，我有点累了。 因此可以推断，男士因为累而不想去购物。

听力原文：M: Last time we talked about the history of paper. But do you know what paper is used for?W: Oh, that’s easy question. Paper is used for newspapers, books, writing paper, envelopes, wrapping paper, paper bags...M: Yes, actually only half of the paper is made is used for such purposes. Have you got an idea about other uses of paper?W: No, I’m afraid not.M: There are many other uses. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless people asleep on a large number of papers,(be insulated with... 用......隔热)W: Yes, I have. So they are insulating themselves against cold.M: You are right. In Finland, it is very cold in winter. It is sometimes 40 degrees Centigrade below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.(Nothing+比较级表示最高级)W: Oh, that’s unbelievable.M: Now more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper plates, cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper.(be made of由......制成)W: Fascinating!M:(11)People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planes or cars. Just wait, they probably will. W: Well, you have become an expert on paper. How do you know all that? M: You know, I’m preparing for a presentation,(presentation报告;陈述)so I’ve looked up a lot of materials. W: Well, I’m sure your presentation will go really well. M: Thank you!Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What function does paper perform in house-building?10. Why do farmers in Finland wear paper boots in snow?11. What is true about paper planes and cars?12. How has the man got to know so much about paper?

10．

A．It can resist earthquakes. B．It is easy to move away. C．It can keep away cold. D．It can keep sunshine out.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。男士在指出纸的其他用途时说到“Paper isvery good for keeping you warm．Houses are often insulated with pa—per．”，从此处可以看出纸有保暖作用，造房子时常用纸来隔热(屋里的热量出不去，起到御寒保暖的作用)。故选C。此题的难度在于短语be insulated with，意为“用……隔热”。

11．

A．Because they are the warmest.

B．Because they can withstand hardware. C．Because they don’t get stuck in the snow.

D．Because the temperature is only 14°C below zero.

正确答案：A 解析：推理题。对话中男士在讲到“在芬兰，农民们在雪地里穿纸做的靴子”后用了一个“nothing+比较级结构(Nothingcould be warmer.)”来表示最高级：It is the warmest．所以可以推断出答案A正确。

12．

A．They are thrown away after being used. B．They will be built in future.

C．They can be used for about 5 years. D．They can be built in a few years.

正确答案：B 解析：推理题。对话中男士提到已经有纸做的船了，关于纸做的飞机和汽车，男士说了句“Just wait，they probably will．”意思是只要等等，他们会造出纸飞机和纸汽车的。这里是对未来的一种猜想，没有具体的时间表，由于D项时间太具体故要排除，只能选B项，用“将来”来表示一个大概的时间。

13．

A．By attending his professor’s lecture. B．By surfing on the Internet.

C．By collecting materials from TV programs. D．By preparing for his presentation.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。对话中女士夸男士好像是一个纸张专家，顺势问男士关于纸为何能懂得那么多?通过男士回答说“I’m prepar-ing for a presentation，so I’ve looked up a lot of materials．”可以知道男士是在准备一份陈述报告查了很多资料。丈中没有讲到资料来源是参加老师的课、上网还是看电视节目搜集的。所以只能选D。

听力原文：W: You don’t look smart this morning. I can see you’re not happy.M: I had never expected this would have happened to me. We had a power failure at home last night.(power failure停电)W: How come? Did anyone in the family do anything wrong?M: You’ve guessed it. It was all my father’s fault.W: What did he do?M: I was just watching a wonderful football feature program on TV when the lights suddenly went out(go out此处表示灯灭了).W: Why was that?M: You see, we’d just had our dinner. My mother was washing my jeans in the washing machine. And the air-conditioners were on in both rooms. I was in my room watching TV.(air-conditioner空调)W: What was your father doing then?M: He wanted to warm his tea in the microwave oven . He plugged it in and the fuse broke. And everything

stopped all of a sudden.W: Your next-door neighbor is an electrician ,isn’t he? M: Yes, luckily, he happened to be at home.(13)He came and fixed it up. But it was half an hour later. I had almost missed a lot. W: It was an annoying experience for a sports fan like you. But don’t miss the basketball final this evening. Make sure there is no power failure tonight.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. Why does the man look depressed this morning?14. What was the immediate cause of the power failure?15. What will the man probably do tonight?

14．

A．He failed in a power test yesterday. B．He never expected himself to be happy. C．It was because of his father’s foot.

D．He missed about 30 minutes of a program.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。本题主要是问男士“一早起来看上去很沮丧的原因”，男士说“I was just watching a wonderful football featureprogram on TV when the lights suddenly went out．”可知他看足球专题节目时停电了，在对话后面作者进一步解释了虽然邻居来抢修好了电．“But it was half an hour later．I had almost missed a lot．”即“那也是半小时后，我还是错过了节目的大部分”。从这两处细节合在一起知道答案D正确。

15．

A．His mother’s use of the washing machine. B．His father’s turning on the microwave oven. C．His long hours of watching TV.

D．The switch on of two air-conditioners.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。本题问突然断电的原因。对话一开始男士就指出是他爸爸的错，后面接着详细解释了“He wanted to warm histea in the microwave oven．He plugged it in and the fuse broke．Andeverything stopped all of a sudden．”即他爸爸用微波炉热茶，刚插上插头，保险丝就断了，就突然停电了。故答案选B。fuse意为“保险丝”。

16．

A．Not use any electric appliances any time. B．Take part in a basketball final.

C．Ask his neighbor to check the power. D．Watch a ball game on television.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。本题问男士晚上会做什么?对话结尾时女士建议男士“But don’t miss the basketball final this evening．Make surethere is no power failure tonight．”即“确保今晚别断电，别错过今晚的篮球决赛。”从此处可以推断出男

士今晚很可能在家看篮球决赛。the basketball final意为“篮球决赛”；power failure意为“停电”。

Section B

听力原文： Mrs. Jones was very fond of singing. She had a very good voice, except that some of her high notes tended to sound like a gate which someone had forgotten to oil. Mrs. Jones was very conscious of this weakness, and took every opportunity she could find to practice these high notes. As she lived in a small house, where she could not practice without disturbing the rest of the family, she usually went for long walks along the country roads whenever she had time, and practiced her high notes there. Whenever she heard a car or a person coming along the road, she stopped and waited until she could no longer be heard before she started practicing again, because she was a shy person, and because she was sensitive about those high notes. One afternoon, however, a fast open car came behind her so silently that she did not hear it until it was only a few yards away from her. She was singing some of her highest and most difficult notes at the time. As the car passed her, she saw an anxious expression suddenly come over its driver’s face. He put his brakes on violently, and as soon as the car stopped, he jumped out and began to examine his tires carefully. Mrs. Jones dared not tell him what the noise he had heard had really been, so he got back into his car and drove off, as puzzled as he had been when he stopped.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What did Mrs. Jones often practice?17. Why did the driver stop the car?18. Where did the noise come from?

17．

A．She often practices taking notes. B．She often practices oiling the gate. C．She often practices singing high notes.

D．She often practices overcoming her weakness.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。Jones夫人的高音总唱不好，所以她一有机会就练习。故答案选C。

18．

A．Because he had run out of gas. B．Because his tires were stabbed. C．Because he had heard a noise.

D．Because he was attracted by Mrs. Jones.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。当Jones夫人在唱到高音时有位司机开车经过，他猛地刹车，然后跳下车仔细检查轮胎，因此，他是因为听到一声类似轮胎故障的声音而停车

的。故答案选C。

19．

A．The noise came from the tires. B．The noise came form the brakes.

C．The noise came from Mrs. Jones’ singing. D．The noise came from another car passing by.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。很容易就可以从文章中推断出来噪音是Jones夫人唱的高音。故C项符合题意。

听力原文： When people succeed, it is because of hard work, but luck has a lot to do with it, too. Success without some luck is almost impossible. The French emperor Napoleon said of one of his generals, “1 know he’s good. But is he lucky’.’” Napoleon knew that all the hard work and talent in the world can’t make up far bad luck. However, hard work can invite good luck. When it comes to success, luck can mean being in the right place to meet someone, or having the right skills to get a job done. It might mean turning down an offer and then having a better offer come along. Nothing can replace hard work, but working hard also means you’re preparing yourself opportunity. Opportunity very often depends on luck. How many of the great inventions and discoveries came about through a lucky mistake or a lucky chance? One of the biggest lucky mistakes in the history is Columbus’ so-called discovery of America. He enriched his sponsors and changed history, but he was really looking for India. However, Columbus’ chance discovery wasn’t pure luck. It was backed up by years of studying and calculating. He worked hard to prove his theory that the world was round. People who work hard help make their own luck by being ready when opportunity knocks. When it comes to success, hard work and luck are always hand in hand.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the example of Napoleon tell us?20. How should you understand “opportunity”?21. What does the Columbus’ discovery of America suggest?

20．

A．Hard work is the most important thing for one’s success. B．Hard work may invite good luck.

C．Good luck plays an important role in one’s success. D．Success has nothing to do with luck.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。短文中先提出论点：Success without someluck is almost impossible．(没有运气的话，成功是不可能实现的)，然后引用Napoleon的话语进行论证。由此可见，短文中引用Napoleon的例子就是为了说明luck在成功过程中的重要作用。故答案选C。

21．

A．Working hard may prepare yourself opportunity. B．Success always depends on opportunity.

C．Opportunity can replace hard work in job hunting. D．Working hard will ensure you success.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据“working hard also means you’re preparingyourself opportunity”可知，努力工作同时也是在为自己准备机遇，即机遇总是垂青有准备的人。故选项A为本题的答案。

22．

A．It’s Columbus’ pure luck.

B．It proves that the earth is not round. C．It enriched the American people.

D．It’s one of the biggest lucky mistakes.

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。“One of the biggest lucky mistakes in history isColumbus’so-called discovery of America.”表明Columbus发现美洲是历史上的最大的幸运的错误之一，故选项D符合题意。

听力原文： During a 1995 roof collapse, a firefighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For ten years, he was unable to speak. Then, one Saturday morning, he did something shocked his family and doctors. He started speaking. “I want to talk to my wife.” Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he has lived for more than seven years, raced to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. “It was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had with his family and friends during the 14-hour stretch,” Herbert’s uncle Simon Menka said. “How long have I been away?” Herbert asked. “We told him almost ten years,” the uncle said, “he thought it was only three months.” Herbert was fighting a house fire December 29, 1995 when the roof collapsed, burying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since. News accounts in the days and years after his injury, described Herbert as blind and with little if any memory. A video shows him receiving physical therapy but apparently unable to communicate and with little awareness of his surroundings. Menka declined to discuss his nephew’s current condition or whether the apparent progress was continuing. ‘“The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert”, he said. As word of Herbert’s progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. “He’s resting comfortably,” the uncle told them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What happened to Herbert ten years ago?23. What surprised Donald Herbert’s family and doctors one Saturday?24. How long did Herbert remain unconscious?25. How did Herbert’s family react to the public attention?

23．

A．He suffered a nervous breakdown. B．He was wrongly diagnosed. C．He was seriously injured.

D．He developed a strange disease.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。根据文章首句“During a 1995 roof collapse，afirefighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged．”可知消防队员Herbert在救火时遭遇屋顶坍塌，致使大脑受重伤，所以答案为C。

24．

A．He was able to talk again. B．He raced to the nursing home. C．He could tell red and blue apart. D．He could not recognize his wife.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。Herbert受伤后失去了语言功能，但是10年后的一天，他做了一件让家人和医生都震惊的事情——他开口说话了，也就是选项A的内容。

25．

A．Twenty-nine days. B．Two and a half months. C．Several minutes. D．Fourteen hours.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。Herbert缺氧达好几分钟，处于昏迷状态长达两个半月，因此选项B正确。

26．

A．They welcomed the publicity in the media. B．They avoided appearing on television. C．They released a video of his progress.

D．They declined to give details of his condition.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。由decline和seeking privacy可以看出Herbert的家人对媒体持排斥态度，不愿泄露过多的细节。故答案选D。

Section C

听力原文： Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea.(26)Throughout history the sea has survived the needs of man. The sea has

provided man with food and(27)a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, experts(28)estimate that nearly two-thirds of the world’s population lives within eighty kilometers of the seacoast. In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind(29)survive. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to(30)supply many of man’s needs. The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology are(31)impressive. Oil and gas exploration has existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable(32)amounts of minerals such as iron, nickel and copper exist on the ocean floor, ready to be(33)mined. Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture offish and selfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by(34)oriental peoples. Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to that of the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of hydroelectric power. Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. New undersea technology is providing divers with diving suits and(35)undersea chambers that are kept at sea-level pressure. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.

Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea.【B1】______history the sea has survived the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and【B2】______to travel to many parts of the world. Today, experts【B3】______that nearly two-thirds of the world’s population lives within eighty kilometers of the seacoast. In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind【B4】______. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to【B5】______many of man’s needs. The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology are【B6】______. Oil and gas exploration has existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable【B7】______such as iron, nickel and copper exist on the ocean floor, ready to be【B8】______. Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and selfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by【B9】______peoples. Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to that of the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of hydroelectric power. Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. New undersea technology is providing divers with diving suits and【B10】______that are kept at sea-level pressure. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.

27． 【B1】

正确答案：Throughout

28． 【B2】

正确答案：a convenient way

29． 【B3】

正确答案：estimate

30． 【B4】

正确答案：survive

31． 【B5】

正确答案：supply

32． 【B6】

正确答案：impressive

33． 【B7】

正确答案：amounts of minerals

34． 【B8】

正确答案：mined

35． 【B9】

正确答案：oriental

36． 【B10】

正确答案：undersea chambers

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

About one in twenty adults in the United States cannot read English. A new federal study shows that adults made little progress in their reading skills between 2005 and 2013. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy is the most important test of how well adult Americans can read. Researchers【C1】______19,000 people over the age of 16. The study represents an adult population of 222 million. Those who took part were studied on how well they could read and understand information used

in everyday life. Researchers say part of the problem is that many young Americans do not read as much for pleasure anymore. Also, there are greater numbers of non-English speaking【C2】______. Reading skills can【C3】______affect the ability to earn a living. The best readers were found to earn up to 28,000 dollars a year more than those who【C4】______simply reading skills. Yet, compared to the【C5】______study in 2005, adult reading skills were about the same or lower across every level of education. This was true even among people who have completed college. By race and【C6】______group, blacks and Asians had the biggest increased in English reading skills. But levels【C7】______among Hispanics(西班牙裔). Experts say, however, that while many Hispanics are【C8】______to read in English, they can read well in Spain. Overall, American adults improved the most in answering questions that【C9】______numbers. Even so, the test found that the average adult cannot do much more than perform simple, everyday math. The Department of Education says the literacy【C10】______show the need for reforms especially at the high school level.A)emigrates B)ethnic C)heightened D)findings E)decreasedF)tested G)immigrants H)lacked I)letters J)previousK)directly L)involved M)unable N)surely O)latest

37． 【C1】

正确答案：F

解析：空格所在的句子；是一个单独的简单句。从句子成分看，缺少谓语，需要填入动词。主语是Researchers，宾语是people，两者间存在研究和被研究的关系，再结合上一句中的the most importanttest of how well adult Americans can read，故此处应该填入tested，故选F。

38． 【C2】

正确答案：G

解析：此处空格前为non-English speaking，可以知道此处应该填入名词。从句首Also和上文可以判断本句意为“英语非母语且阅读能力低下的美国人人数很多”，可以判断此处填入表示人的名词，选项的名词中只有immigrants表示人。immigrants表示移入美国的人，故选C。

39． 【C3】

正确答案：K

解析：空格前是情态动词can，后面是动词affect，故此空只能填副词。从下面一句话可以知道阅读技能的优劣影响收入的高低，此处填directly合适，如果用surely(肯定地)太过绝对。

40． 【C4】

正确答案：H

解析：空格前的who引导定语从句修饰those，后面的从句中缺少谓语，而整个句子是比较说明，前面用了best readers，故后面应该是阅读技能不好的人，所以此处应填入lacked。

41． 【C5】

正确答案：J

解析：空格前是冠词the，后面是名词study，故此处应填入形容词。从compared to知道这个句子是拿2005和现在比较，本文第一段出现了between 2005 and 2013，所以2005的情况相对于现在是以前的研究，故此处填入形容词previous。

42． 【C6】

正确答案：B

解析：空格后是名词group，前面是and，故此处填入形容词与and前面的race对等，本句后面又提示了blacks and Asians，可以知道此处主要讲不同种族不同文化的人的英语阅读能力，所以此处应该填ethnic，ethnic group意为“同种族的民族”。

43． 【C7】

正确答案：E 解析：空格所在的句子是一个转折句，从句子成分分析，此处应该填入动词。空格处前面有but，应该是与前面的句子做比较，前面提到动词increased，故此处应该填一个与之意思相反的词，故选decreased，表示“减少”。

44． 【C8】

正确答案：M

解析：空格前为系动词be，后面是不定式to，构成be…to结构或者短语，故此处应该填入形容词或者过去分词。由于本句有however和while表示本句分句阃存在比较关系，后面讲到they can readwell in Spain，故此处填入unable符合逻辑意义。

45． 【C9】

正确答案：L

解析：空格处是that引导的定语从句，修饰questions，此处需要填入一个动词作谓语，宾语是numbers，在备选动词中，能与numbers搭配的只有involved，此句意思是“即使美国成年人回答涉及到数字的问题的能力提高了”。故选L。

46． 【C10】

正确答案：D

解析：从句子成分分析，空格处the literacy——作主语，谓语是show，这里是名词修饰名词，所以空格处填入一个名词，从本句宾语the need for reforms(especially at the high school level)知道应该是指出研究结果，故此处用findings。故选D。

Section B

The Art of FriendshipA)One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong — my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful — I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let me rant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That’s when it started to dawn on me — lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I’d been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, knew everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B)Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one’s health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girl friend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn’t, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends — women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the world a little bit just as I did. Since I’d be making friends with more intention than I’d ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The downside, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C)After all, it’s a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife than it is when you’re younger — a fact woman I’ve spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you’re in your teens and 20s, you’re more or less friends with everyone unless there’s a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. “There are many people I’m comfortable around, but I wouldn’t go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn’t enough to sustain a real friendship,” Danzig says.D)At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn’t run up to people the way my 4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, “Will you be my friend?” “Every time you start a new relationship, you’re vulnerable again,” agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. “You’re asking, ‘Would you like to come into my life?’ It makes us self-conscious.”E)Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn’t take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn’t in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to

offer.F)We’re all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests — say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for — become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says a new friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. “In high school I chose friends based on their popularity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now’s it’s our shared values and activities that count.” Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church’s youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G)Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in — or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son’s preschool, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. “I said to my husband, ‘she’s too cool for me,’” she jokes. “I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly.” In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn’t become good pals. “I realized that we weren’t each other’s type, but it wasn’t about hierarchy.” What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you’ve become(or are still becoming)back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you’ve made in your life.H)Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to issues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I)A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from work was exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J)While you’re busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Maria Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You’re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend’s life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you’re thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend(politely)if something she did really upset you. If you can’t be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks —she’s chronically late, or she’s a bit negative — to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.

47． Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’s middle age needed some reasons.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据句子关键词LeslieDanzig知making friends at one’s middle age可定位至C)段。该段中Danzig说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在则需要理由才能成为朋友。

48． A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.

正确答案：I

解析：细节题。根据句子关键词a well-chosen new friend和the direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。

49． A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。根据句子关键词a fewyears ago和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。

50． According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first course of making new friends.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由句子中的KathleenHall定位至D)段。该段中提到，KathleenHall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。

51． Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you’ve made in your life.

正确答案：G

解析：细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。

52． In Maria Paul’s book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your friends, care for your friend’s job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.

正确答案：J

解析：推理题。根据句子中的MarlaPaul’s book可定位至文章J)段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结。

53． For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to understand her and erase her negative feeling.

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。由句子中的the rightperson和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。

54． According to Michelle Mertes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities.

正确答案：F

解析：细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。

55． As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.

正确答案：E 解析：细节题。根据句子关键词amature friend seeker和offer／rejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。

56． With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.

正确答案：H

解析：细节题。根据句子关键词takeon a new look可定位至H)段末句：而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Takeon a new look和take over a new leaf是同类表述。

Section C

It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil)is creating a “greenhouse effect” — holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter in the atmosphere is blocking

sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen, though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely. Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

57． According to the passage, people today think that air pollution______. A．exists merely in urban and industrial areas B．may have an effect on the entire earth

C．causes widespread damage in the countryside D．is not so serious as it used to be

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。第一段第二句提到，“现今，虽然我们已经知道这些地方的空气污染最为严重，但是空气污染实际上是全球性的问题。”故答案为B。

58． The “greenhouse effect” results from______. A．the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air

B．the increasing particulate matter in the atmosphere C．the burning of firewood D．the blocking of sunlight

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。第二段第一句指出，科学家认为，煤和油的燃烧会不断增加空气中的二氧化碳含量，由此导致温室效应。故答案为A。

59． What does the author think of the possibility of a new ice age? A．He rejects it as being ungrounded. B．He holds the same view.

C．He is uncertain of its occurrence. D．He thinks that would happen soon.

正确答案：C

解析：态度题。最后一段中作者指出，目前我们并不确定这两种情况是否会发生……。这两种情况指的就是上文所述：温室效应和冰河世纪再次降临的可能性。故答案为C。

60． The word “offset”(Line 3, Para. 4)means______. A．slip into

B．catch up with C．set up

D．make up for

正确答案：D

解析：语义题。此句意思是：但如果我们非常幸运，这两种趋势或许会相互offset，地球气温会像现在一样，保持不变。由此可知，“offset”在文中的意思应为“弥补，抵消”。故答案为D。

61． The passage is mainly about______. A．the potential effect of air pollution B．the possibility of a new ice age C．the effects of global warming D．the causes of climate change

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。综观全文，丈章主要讲述了空气污染可能造成的严重后果。选项B、C均只概括了文章的部分内容，D项文章未提到。故答案为A。

Becker had one occasional anxiety: the suspicion that he owned more than would fit comfortably into the case. The feeling, when it came, was the signal for him to throw something away or just leave it lying about. This was the automatic fate of his worn-out clothes for example. Having no use for choice or variety, he kept just a raincoat, a suit, a pair of shoes and a few shirts, socks and so on, no more in the clothing line. He bought and read many books, and left them wherever he happened to be sitting when he finished them. They quickly found new owners. Becker was a professional traveler, interested and interesting. He was not one to “do” a country in a week or a city in three days. He liked to get the feel of a place by living in it, reading its newspapers, watching its TV and discussing its affairs. He always tried to make a few friends, if necessary even by stopping a suitable-looking person in the street and talking to him. It worked well in about one case in ten. Though Becker’s health gave him no cause for alarm, he made a point of seeing a doctor as soon as he arrived anywhere. “A doctor knows a place and its people better than anyone,” he used to say. He never went to see a doctor, he always sent for one, that, he found, was the quickest way to gain confidences, which came out freely as soon as he mentioned that he was a writer. Becker was an artist as well. He painted pictures of his places and, when he had gathered enough information, he wrote about them. He sold his work, through an agent, to newspapers and magazines. It was an agreeable sort of life for a good social mixer, lived nearly always in fine weather, and as Becker never stayed anywhere for long, he enjoyed the satisfying advantage of paying very little in tax.

62． According to the passage, the anxiety of Becker was______. A．the doubt that he owned too much clothes B．the thought of having too much baggage C．the miserable fate of his worn out clothes

D．the decline in his memory

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。第一段第一句提到，Becker有一个担忧：他时常怀疑自己的东西会多得让箱子装不下。言外之意，担心行李过多。故答案为B。

63． What is the fate of Becker’s books? A．They were kept in his case. B．They were sent to his friends.

C．They were donated to others in need. D．They were left anywhere.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。第一段最后两句提到，Becker买了很多书，也读了很多书，并且他在什么地方正好看完了一本书，就会把那本书扔在那里。所以，他的书很快就找到了新的主人。言外之意，他的书被丢得到处都是。故答案为D。

64． Becker would see a doctor as he arrived at a new place because______. A．his health was in danger

B．he wanted to make friends with the doctor C．he intended to get confidences from the doctor

D．he wanted to know the place and its people through the doctor

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第二段第六、七句提到，尽管Becker的身体没有给他任何危险警号，但他决定每到一个地方必定去看医生。他认为医生比其他人都更了解当地的居民。由此可知，他看医生的目的是想通过医生了解当地居民。故答案为D。

65． How did Becker feel about taxation? A．He was pleased he only had to pay little. B．He felt ashamed of not paying taxes.

C．He worried about it, so he moved from one place to another. D．He hated it so much that he broke the tax laws.

正确答案：A

解析：态度题。文章最后一句提到，因为Becker在任何地方待的时间都不长，所以他只需缴纳一点点税，这个待遇令他非常满意。故答案为A。

66． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Becker was always worried about something that would not happen. B．Becker kept a good many books.

C．Becker would talk to strangers in the street.

D．Becker often traveled through a country in a couple of days.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第二段第四句提到，Becker总是试图多交朋友，为此他甚至会在大街上叫住一个看上去不错的人，然后跟人攀谈。故答案为C。

Part Ⅳ Translation 67． 京杭大运河(the Bejing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)，与长城并称为中国古代的两项伟大工程，是世界上最长的人工河道。京杭大运河开凿于春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，在隋代和元朝(Sui Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty)得到大规模修建。它南起杭州，北至北京，全长约1794公里。2004年，运河博物馆(the Canal Museum)建成，展示了运河的古老历史。大运河为中国的经济发展、国家统一、社会进步和文化繁荣做出了重要贡献。如今，到运河周边区域旅游已经成为一种新时尚。2014年，京杭大运河正式列入“世界文化遗产名录”(the World Cultural Heritage site)。

正确答案： As the longest man-made waterway in the world, the Bejing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Great Wall are known as two great projects of ancient China. The Canal was dug in the Spring and Autumn Period and was built massively in Sui Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. It extends from Hangzhou in the south to Bejing in the north with an overall length of 1794 kilometers. In 2004, the Canal Museum was built up to display its long history. The Grand Canal has made important contribution to the development of China’s economy, national unity, social progress and cultural prosperity. Now it has become a new fashion to travel in its surrounding areas. In 2014, the Bejing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was listed as the World Cultural Heritage site successfully.