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高考英语非谓语动词(总结+改错)

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非谓语动词

所谓非谓语动词,就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征,即可以有宾语(如果是及物动词的话)、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时,它们又具有名词的某些特征,即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

一、动词不定式:

动词不定式(时态与语态): 主动式 被动式 一般式 todo tobedone 完成式 tohavedone tohavebeendone 进行式 tobedoing 1.作主语: Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother. 2.作表语:Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately. 3.作宾语:Hedecidedtobuyacomputer. 4.作宾语补足语:Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer. [注]:在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody___________(laugh). 但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to. 如:Wearemade________________(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher. 5.作定语:Heusedtohavealotofmeetingtoattend. [注]:当出现thefirst/second/last/only/best时,常跟不定式作定语 Hewasthefirstman_____________(get)toschoolthismorning. 6.不定式作状语:Toseewhatwouldhappen,westayedthere. 二、分词(现在分词和过去分词) (一)V-ing形式(时态与语态): 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing beingdone 完成式 havingdone havingbeendone 1.___________(be)poor,hecouldn’tgotoschool. 2.Weareinterestedin_____________(play)chess. 3.Thequestion_____________________(discuss)nowisimportant. 4.Theboywasafraidof____________________(leave)aloneathome.

5.____________________(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables. 注:现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前 (二)过去分词(只有一种时态与语态) 规则的:V-ed;不规则的(记不规则动词表)

1.Theboywenthomewithhishomework_______________(finish). 2.___________(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest. 现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别:

现在分词表示的意义是主动的,进行的:thegirlgatheringflowers(正在采花的女孩) 过去分词表示的意义是被动的,完成的:theflowersgatheredthismorning(早晨采的花)

仅供个人学习参考

to.

1.作表语:Thenewsisveryexciting./Theyareveryexcitedatthenews.

2.作定语:Don’tdisturbthesleepingchild./Thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.

3.作宾补:Helikestositonthebeachandwatchtheseagullsflying./Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.

[注]:有些动词如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词,也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别

在于:现在分词着重说明动作正在发生;不定式着重说明动作的全过程 Isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。 Isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。 4.作状语:Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus

Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.

Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.

Compare:

1. _______________(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs 2.________________(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs. 三、动名词(V-ing) 1.作主语和表语 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如: Seeingisbelieving./Myhobbyiscollectingstamps. [注]:在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“it” Itisnousequarrelingwithher./Isitworthwhiletryingagain? 2. 作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语, 则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit+名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如: Wedon'tallow_______________(smoke)here. Wedon'tallowanybody________________(smoke)here 3.作介词宾语 Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift(值班)? Childrenarefondofreadingdetectivestories. [注]某些习惯用法中,常省略介词,仅保留动名词 Heisbusy(in)preparingareport. Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparation. Wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse. 非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题: (一)、不定式的逻辑主语 一般的结构为for+名词+不定式,如: ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Ifounditimpossible_____himtodothejobalone. 但在表示人物性格,特征等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语,如:

Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.Itwasverybrave________himtocatchthethief. (二)、不定式的主动式还是被动式

作定语时,当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式 Ihaveameetingtoattend.TheteachergaveJohnabooktoread,

若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况,而是其他人,用被动态:Herearetheclothestobewashed (三)、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大 如;a)remembertodo(记住要做某事),rememberdoing(记得曾做过某事) b)forgettodo(忘记要做某事),forgetdoing(忘记曾做过某事)

c)regrettodo(因要做某事感到不安),regretdoing(因做了某事感到后悔)

仅供个人学习参考

(四)、分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有: interesting令人感兴趣的--interested感到有趣的;exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的;disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 (五)、admit,advise,avoid,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。 Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished. (六)、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devote…to,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式。 (1)I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.

(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren. (七)、主动形式表示被动意义 ① 动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例:TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing. =TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed. ②形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例:Thefilmisworthseeing. ③某些作表语的形容词(如easy,difficult,hard等)后接的不定式主动形式。例: Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.(=Toanswerthisquestioniseasy.) 语法填空---高考真题回顾 (一)、全国卷: 真题再练:在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由。 1.(2015卷I·68)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers___________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld. 2.(2015卷I·70)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong. 3.(2015卷II·61)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)______(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby… 4.(2015卷II·64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout______(use)electricequipment. 5.(2015卷

II·66)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday. 6.(2014卷

I·65)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater. 7.(2014卷

I·68)Whilethereare________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver. 仅供个人学习参考

8.(2014卷

II·41)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout______(be)lateforschool. 9.(2014卷

II·43)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand______________(disappoint). 10.(2014卷

II·46)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.

语法填空---强化训练

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: 1. Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,___________(think)thatallchildrenlikethesethings. (05全国二) 2. ___________(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice. (05北京春招) 3. Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________________(go)on. (05北京)

4.Witheverythingheneeded________________(buy),heleftthesupermarket. 5.Withtoomuchwork______________(do),Ican’tgooutwithyou. 6.Thebuilding________________(build)nowwillbearestaurant. 7.Thebuilding_________________(build)nextyearwillbearestaurant. 8.Thebuilding_______________(build)lastyearisarestaurant. 9.Don'tsitthere____________(do)nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable. 10.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto__________(receive)intimeforChristmas. 11.Lessons___________________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople. 12.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and________________(collect)coinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure. 13.Eugeneisneverwillingtochangehismind.It'snouse_____________(argue)withhim. 14.Hewastheonlyforeigner_________________(get)suchanhonoryesterday. 15.Ican'tstand__________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks. 短文错误---高考真题回顾 1.(2015新课标卷II)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthat…… 2.(2013新课标卷II)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner. 3.(2012新课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.

短文错误---强化训练

(1)DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.(全国卷) (2)Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.(全国卷) (3)IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.(全国卷)

(4)CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.(全国卷) (5)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.(全国卷)

仅供个人学习参考

(6)

TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.

(7)…youpaythecostofsendapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.(全国卷) (8)…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned(全国卷)

(9)Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.(全国卷) (10)Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.(全国卷)

(11)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(全国卷) (12)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(全国卷)

(13)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseof….(全国卷) (14)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday‘sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(全国卷) (15)I‘dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.(北京春季卷) (16)I‘llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.(北京春季卷) 高中英语辅导---基础篇 参考答案 一、动词不定式:4.如,laugh如,towrite5.toget 二、分词 (一)V-ing形式1.Beingpoor2.playing3.beingdisscussed4.beingleft5.Havingworked (二)过去分词finishedSeen 4.作状语1.Following2.Followed 三、动名词2.smoking;tosmoke 需要注意的几个问题: (一)、不定式的逻辑主语for 语法填空---高考真题回顾 (一)、全国卷:1.conducted2.living3.built4.using5.tocool 6.toreduce7.amazing8.being9.disappointed10.tostop 语法填空---强化训练 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: 1.thinking2.Faced3.going4.bought5.todo 6.beingbuilt7.tobebuilt8.built9.doing10.bereceived11.learnt/learned 12.collecting13.arguing14.toget15.working; 短文错误---高考真题回顾 1.把looks改为looking2.把Have改为Having3.把to去掉 短文错误---强化训练

(1)(wanted后加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷) (2)(leading改为lead,因为其前有助动词would)(全国卷)

(3)(stood改为stand,因为tostandup在此为不定式结构)(全国卷)

(4)(climbed改为climb/climbing,若将aswellas视为连词,则将climbed改为climb,因为它与其前的do并列;若将aswellas视为介词,则climbing,因为介词后动词用动名词)(全国卷)

(5)(去掉live前的to,因为live与其前的know,have并列)(全国卷) (6)(improve前加to,toimprove…为表目的的不定式短语)(全国卷) (7)(send改为sending,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷) 仅供个人学习参考

(8)(去掉know前的to,因为其前有动词let)(全国卷)

(9)(have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷) (10)return前加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷) (11)(drove改为drive,因为drive与其前的tomeet并列,此处的drive为省略to的不定式)(全国卷)

(12)(hear改为hearing,因为其前的to是介词)(全国卷)

(13)(第一个play改为playing,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷) (14)(watch改为watching,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷) (15)(come前加to,因为wouldlike后接不定式)(北京春季卷) (16)(prepare改为preparing,因为它与其前的reading并列,与其前所用的动词spend有关)

仅供个人学习参考

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